Machine Translated by Google Machine Translated by Google Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK ENVIRONMENTAL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT INMANAGEMENT EDUCATIONALIN FACILITIES: EDUCATIONAL WASTE, FACILITIES: ENERGY HANDBOOK AND WATER.FOR WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. CREDITS AUTHOR Ana Maria Montemurro Nicholas Opazo Bunster consultants EDITION Department of Environmental Education and Citizen Participation CONAMA Transversality Support Unit MINEDUC COLLABORATES General Directorate of Water National Energy Commission Cover Photo: CONAMA Environmental Forgers Club Characters: Alejandro Armendariz, CONAMA designer Design, Layout and Illustrations: César Sepúlveda Venegas; Email: csepulveda12@yahoo.com Printed in Maval Ltda. Santiago de Chile, 2006 2 Machine Translated by Google MANUAL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. INDEX PRESENTATION 4 CHAPTER I "ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS" 5 INTRODUCTION 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND EDUCATIONAL CHANGE 8 THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CERTIFICATION SYSTEM FOR EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS THE SCOPE OF SCHOOL ENVIRONMENTAL 10 MANAGEMENT IN THE SNCAE DESCRIPTION OF THE STAGES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CERTIFICATION FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: WASTE, 11 ENERGY AND WATER. 12 14 CHAPTER II "MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTE FOR EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS" 17 INTRODUCTION 18 DIAGNOSIS 20 MANAGEMENT PLAN DESIGN 26 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MANAGEMENT PLAN 34 CHAPTER III "EFFICIENT USE OF ENERGY IN EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS" 35 INTRODUCTION 36 DIAGNOSIS 38 MANAGEMENT PLAN DESIGN 41 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MANAGEMENT PLAN 43 GOOD PRACTICES IN THE CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY RESOURCES 44 CHAPTER IV "PROPER USE OF WATER RESOURCES IN EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS" 51 INTRODUCTION 52 DIAGNOSIS 54 MANAGEMENT PLAN DESIGN 58 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MANAGEMENT PLAN 61 RECOMMENDATIONS OF GOOD PRACTICES FOR THE CONSUMPTION OF WATER RESOURCES 62 3 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGYENERGY WASTE, AND WATER. AND WATER. PRESENTATION It is an honor for the National Commission for the This text is complementary to the teaching support guides Environment, the Ministry of Education and the National for the topics of waste, water and energy efficiency, which Forestry Corporation to present this joint work, which seeks are aimed at pedagogical support and work in the classroom, to lay the foundations for an environmentally responsible contributing to the development of the holistic vision of the citizenry committed to the sustainability of our country. SNCAE. With this, we aspire to establish a process of continuous improvement between the environmental management practices of the establishments, and the The present support material is oriented to the generation of educational contents addressed from the different friendly behaviors with the environment in the field of sectors and subsectors within the framework of the management of the educational establishment; delivering Educational Reform. environmental procedures and practices that have been built from concrete experiences, observed in different schools in With this work we hope to make a contribution to the great Chile. At the same time, it is an aid for compliance with the international challenge promoted by UNESCO, on the indicators established in the Management Area Decade of Education for Sustainable Development, especially in the implementation of its strategies. School of the National Environmental Certification System of Educational Establishments (SNCAE). 4 Machine Translated by Google Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. INTRODUCTION In recent years, they have been developing quality of school management implies knowing in which a series of strategies and tools whose purpose is to areas of pedagogical and school action improvements contribute to a quality education, according to the demands must be established". demanded by the training of students, considering, on the one hand, a context of a globalized world, and on the On the other hand, Law No. 19,300 of General Bases of other, the reality and relevance that is necessary to the Environment, defines Environmental Education as an recognize in each of the local realities. Environmental Management Instrument, also, indicates it in the same range or level of other management instruments, such as the Impact Assessment System. In this regard, the Ministry of Education has proposed at Environmental, Management, Prevention or the different levels of the school system a series Decontamination Plans, among others. of instruments and actions that warn of the emphasis on ensuring the quality of learning. Likewise, it defines that "The educational process, at its One of them that directly affects the field of school various levels, through the transmission of knowledge and institutional management is the "School Management the teaching of modern concepts of environmental Quality Assurance System", which aims to generate protection, aimed at understanding and becoming aware institutional capacities so that each school can become a of environmental problems, must incorporate the integration quality center or an effective school, based on its own of values and the development of habits and behaviors identity1 and define towards which horizon to lead and that tend to prevent and solve them". how to harmonize resources and effort to support these innovations. Environmental Education, sharing efforts for the emphasis on the assurance of educational quality, contributes from In this sense, "ensuring the quality of learning, from the its methodological approaches and conceptual definitions point of view of the system of guaranteeing to this process of 1 School management quality assurance system . "Senses and Components of the Quality Assurance System of School Management". MINEDUC. (2005) 6 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. improvement of the educational quality of students, since the development and implementation of the Action Plans their inclusion and treatment constitutes a "permanent proposed by the National System of Environmental process of an interdisciplinary nature, aimed at the Certification of Educational Establishments, SNCAE, formation of a citizenry that recognizes values, clarifies specifically in the field of school management. concepts and develops the skills and attitudes necessary for a harmonious coexistence between human beings, In the first part, elements are delivered to address, from their culture and their surrounding biophysical an environmental perspective, Educational Management environment"2 . and produce the necessary practices to influence the achievement of the compliance indicators indicated for Therefore, the challenges posed by environmental this component in the SNCAE. education to influence the training process of students require individual and collective responsibility at the local, In the second part, tools are delivered to address national and international levels. thematically: Waste management, Efficient use of Energy The preparation to produce the necessary changes and Water; materials that we hope will be a guide, for the certainly requires the complementarity of formal education, planning and execution of strategies by each educational integrating the different actors in the educational process. establishment, according to its particularities and requirements. The purpose of this Environmental Management Manual is to become a support tool for Recipients: The management team and those teachers who develop experiences in environmental education matters. 2 Law of General Bases of the Environment, 19,300. (1994) 7 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, FACILITIES: ENERGY HANDBOOK AND WATER. ENERGY AND WATER. WASTE, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND EDUCATIONAL CHANGE Educational change means planned action, in order to produce the good practices and multiple innovations that are developed an innovation; modifications of structures or their operations, in schools and colleges of the country, in this sense the SNCAE, represents an improvement in the educational unit in order to comes to complement this process, contributing its visions, achieve its objectives, therefore, the incorporation of environmental principles and great objectives. variables comes to enhance the management that is carried out within the educational establishments, putting an additional value to the quality of educational processes. Environmental management proposes the design of new mechanisms or internal processes in the organization of the establishment, aimed at improving, strengthening, and developing sustainable practices in specific aspects of the educational process. The purpose is to take a significant step in relation to the organization and provide a different vision of the use of resources ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT (human, material, physical, etc.), which results in a level of performance and quality higher than that achieved with respect In order to contribute to the internal organization in the Educational to to the proposed objectives, a process of continuous Establishments (EE), from an environmental perspective, it is management, allowing feedback and verification of each of the necessary to implement a type of management that allows us to steps of the process, putting in dialogue and collaboration the generate the required changes and facilitate the institutional and agents that participate in the continuous improvement of the pedagogical procedures that enable intervention in the areas school organization. indicated by the SNCAE. Furthermore, it means that the school or high school is capable For this reason, the design and implementation of environmental of planning, executing, managing and leading educational management will allow us to articulate a series of actions and processes from the perspective of environmental education. elements from environmental education, with the strategies and objectives proposed from formal education, resulting in an enriched interaction in the educational process. The concept of quality of education is complex to approach, therefore, we approach it by learning from 8 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. WHY PERFORM ENVIRONMENTAL ESSENTIALS OF THE MANAGEMENT INSIDE THE ESTABLISHMENT? MANAGEMENT WITH MEDIUM VISION ENVIRONMENTAL 1. To install or improve In 1. Planning of actions in Context the first place, to generate favorable institutional and The recognition of the environment will allow the pedagogical conditions that facilitate the installation or participatory incorporation of visions and requirements strengthening of strategies that affect the institutional consistent with the assessment of cultural and natural climate, the efficient use of its resources, the more heritage, placing the planning process in the economic, comprehensive treatment of disciplinary content, and social and territorial context. contribute to the relationship of the school and the community in their local contexts, to influence the quality 2. Planning Decisions of learning of children and young people. Sorting the needs participatively, evaluating the available resources and the programming capacity that one has. 2. To strengthen It is important to be able to provide feedback on successful experiences and disseminate them, make known to the 3. Formulation of Strategies community what is being done well and should be maintained, According to the characteristics and priorities of the and finally expand actions that are considered to have a great resources and the favorable internal and external impact for the benefit of educational quality. conditions of the Establishment, thus allowing to determine which would be the best way to carry out the actions. 3. To develop A short, medium and long-term vision, which allows putting environmental issues on the educational horizon and 4. Visualization of expected results executing new strategies and lines of action sustained According to the objectives that guide the planning of the over time with the participation of the community. establishment based on the certification, it is necessary to be able to define what the possible expected results would be, in the short, medium and long term, and their internal or external impact. 5. Management evaluation As planned, determine the best conditions for carrying out the process, considering the Compliance Indicators as a reference, indicated for each of the Areas and Components of the SNCAE guide, observing the explicit quality levels. 9 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. THE SNCAE One of the contributions that environmental education has made has been the creation of the SNCAE and the National Environmental Certification Committee (CNCA) started in 2003. The Ministry of Education (MINEDUC), the National Commission for the Environment (CONAMA), the National Forestry Corporation (CONAF), the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization What does the Environmental Certification System for (UNESCO), the Chilean Association of Municipalities Educational Establishments consist of? (ACHM) and the Sustainable Development Council (CDS), as sponsors, have signed an agreement for the This National Certification System develops 3 lines implementation of this strategy. of complementary action, defined in the Pedagogical fields, School Management and Relations with the Environment. These areas are considered strategic when addressing quality school and institutional management, in order to strengthen environmental education, care and protection of the environment, and the generation of associative networks for local environmental management. The System proposes to the school institution itself a self- assessment in the areas and disaggregated thematic components, considering a set of compliance indicators for each of them, with the aim of producing Action Plans that enable the implementation of management actions that include the approaches to environmental education and have an effective impact on the quality of educational processes. The National Committee for Environmental Certification (CNCA) in conjunction with the Regional Committee for Environmental Certification (CRCA), have the responsibility to certify the environmental management of educational establishments in the country, through the recognition of environmental actions developed. 10 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, FACILITIES: ENERGY HANDBOOK AND WATER. ENERGY AND WATER. WASTE, THE SCOPE OF SCHOOL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN THE SNCAE The scope of School Environmental Management Implies that the establishment must incorporate environmental practices in school management, likewise, it describes the environmental standards to be achieved, which serve as a model to detect developed practices or the absence of the described environmental dimension. It begins with the application of a participatory diagnosis, which should result in the preparation of an Action Plan, indicating objective goals and deadlines for an approximate time of two years. SCOPE COMPONENT ACTIONS / PRACTICES MANAGEMENT Efficient use of Development of a water saving strategy. SCHOOL energy and resources. Reuse of Organic Solid Household Waste (RSD). Sustainable vegetable production. Existence of a policy and plan for saving and efficient use of fuels and electricity Conservation and reuse of furniture, equipment and materials. Infrastructure Projection or use of alternative technologies. sustainable. Execution of beautification and environmental improvement works. Existence of environmental hygiene measures. Organizational culture. Maintenance of a fluid relationship and effective support of the educational provider (municipal or private). Use of participatory planning and management practices. Teamwork experience. Effective communication within the establishment. Participation of all levels of the school community. Existence of security measures against emergencies. Adoption of healthy living principles and practices. Environmental impacts Prevention, reduction, solution or mitigation of: Vital impact Noise pollution. Water contamination. Comprehensive Management of Household Solid Waste. Environmental Aspects Explicit incorporation of Environmental Education in the Institutional of the PEI. Educational Project (PEI) Student profile has responsible environmental training. PEI has associated sustainable values. PEI is contextualized in the local/regional reality. 11 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. IMPORTANT: For the components of Organizational Culture, and Environmental Aspects of the PEI, the following verification indicators are indicated below that will allow a clear description of the practices addressed by the Educational Establishment. Practices/Actions to Implement Means of Verification - Maintenance of a fluid relationship and effective support Number of meetings of the Management Committee with the of the educational provider (municipal or private) Supporter - Number of visits by the Municipal Education coordinator to the EE - Minutes of agreements and support by the Supporter - Use of participatory planning and management practices Mention tools or techniques of a participatory nature that are used in the planning and management process - Effective communication within the establishment Minutes of agreements - Evaluation meetings - Work environment surveys - Self-diagnosis - Number of work meetings - Organizational chart with individual Teamwork responsibilities - List of participants - Photographs - Description of the tasks to be carried out by sector with respect to the action plan - Planning with which they intend Participation of all levels of the school community to explicitly incorporate the environmental component Incorporation in the PEI of environmental issues DESCRIPTION OF THE STAGES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CERTIFICATION The school management team of each educational The educational establishments that are attached to the establishment must become the body responsible for National System of Environmental Certification (SNCAE), carrying out the execution of the Action Plan that allows develop the following stages3 : obtaining the Certification of the establishment, it will be made up of representatives of all levels of the educational Application Stage unit; directors, teachers, students, parents and guardians, Participatory Environmental Diagnosis Stage service personnel, etc. Preparation of Environmental Action Plan Certification Stage Its functions include: Evaluation Stage ÿ Lead the certification process ÿ To support the development of Action Plans Propose the environmental principles that will guide the related to the field of school management, we offer work of the establishment ÿ Carry out dissemination, materials for dealing with the following topics: information and communication activities with the Waste, Energy and Water. educational and local community. ÿ Participatory coordination of the formulation, execution and evaluation of the Action Plan. ÿ Integrate the school community For more information: and those surrounding the establishment into the Instruments of the National Certification System certification process Environment of Educational Establishments: 3 National System of Environmental Certification of Educational Website www.conama.cl/certification Establishments. (2004) 12 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGYENERGY WASTE, AND WATER. AND WATER. SNCAE STAGES CHORES TOOLS Stage 1 - Information. SNCAE Guide. Postulation - Request Registration. - Management team submits application for registration. Stage 2 - Management Team performs Guideline Environmental Diagnosis Diagnosis Diagnosis. Instrument. Environmental - Guide management working days. Participative Stage 3 Development - Design Action Plan. - SNCAE Guide. and Implementation of - Socialization of the Plan to the - Guide for environmental management (waste, water and energy). Action plan Community. - Methodological Guide for Outdoor Environmental - Review of the Plan by the Regional Environmental Education. Committee. - Guide for the Pedagogical - Implementation of the Action Plan, for Implementation of Environmental Education. one semester. - Guide for the recognition of the Environment. - Teaching Support Guide for the curricular incorporation of waste. - Thematic Materials complementary. --CD Gota a Gota. Assessment Instrument Plan Action US Environmental Certification Stage 4 - Preparation of Management Report. Evaluation Matrix. certification - Certification resolution (CRCA). - Certification Ceremony Environmental. Stage 5 - Environmental Audit. Documents delivered by the school Evaluation for evaluation. 13 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, FACILITIES: ENERGY HANDBOOK AND WATER. ENERGY AND WATER. WASTE, learning subsectors, and levels, and on the other relying on the FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF actions of the Environmental Forjadores. RESOURCES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER - From the learning sectors and subsectors: We know of valuable It is recommended that the Management Team of the experiences where the activities proposed for classroom work establishment define levels of responsibility for the different with students are, in turn, a contribution to the establishment's actors that are part of the educational community (Directors, environmental management system, for example, building Teachers, Para-teachers, Assistants, Students, Parent Center containers for separating garbage from the Technological and/or community), since they have roles and functions of various Education Subsector; Analyze its chemical composition in decision levels, from which they can contribute to the Understanding the Natural Environment; calculate and analyze environmental management of the establishment. the variation of consumption and savings from interpreting the water and energy bills from mathematics; disseminate and sensitize the entire community from Understanding the Social This requires establishing procedures to ensure compliance with Environment and Language, etc. these commitments. For this, it is advisable to design a work organization chart, where the proposed objectives, activities, deadlines and expected results are clearly established, together These activities, in addition to working from the different with the name of the person in charge of each task. subsectors, can be graduated according to the levels, leaving fixed tasks and commitments at each level, where each action will contribute to the environmental management system of the The organizational chart of each establishment must be clear establishment. and known by all members, it must be made public and be in a visible place in the establishment. - Environmental Forgers: We recommend handing over responsibilities to the Environmental Forgers, in the Support for the Environmental Management of the Establishment understanding that they are environmental volunteers, who must become a support to the management system and An Environmental Management System for establishments promote the various activities that are developed. educational, as its name indicates, is a systemic and integrating view of all the parts that constitute the universe of educational The Forjadores can be in charge of the support and follow-up of management. These parts have been defined by the SNCAE as the committed tasks, such as: checking that the water keys are the areas of education, management and relations with the closed and in good condition; that the lights are turned off when environment. the school day ends; disseminate (posters, messages, etc.) the environmental activities that are developed as part of the Action Although it is true that the school certification process involves Plan, inside and outside the establishment, and promote the the entire educational community, there is no doubt that it is on incorporation of new students to these tasks. (See model sheet the students that we must focus our efforts to form environmental on page 15). citizenship. This generates two appropriate spaces for us to promote an For this, it would be very useful if a collaboration commitment is environmental management model integrated to the specific signed between the Management Committee and the group of reality of educational establishments in our country. On the one Environmental Builders of your establishment. hand, the work from the sectors/ 14 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK ENVIRONMENTAL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT INMANAGEMENT EDUCATIONALIN FACILITIES: EDUCATIONAL WASTE, FACILITIES: ENERGY HANDBOOK AND WATER.FOR WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. Model for the School Management Area. ENVIRONMENTAL SHEET TEMPLATE OF POSITION DESCRIPTION RESOURCE Name of the Resource (Water, Energy, Waste). CARGO Name of the position, depending on the resource. DUTY MANAGER Name of the student responsible for the task. COURSE Course of the student responsible for the task. TERM Time in which to perform the task. SUPERVISOR Name of the student's supervising teacher. OBJECTIVE General objective to be fulfilled by the student in the position. ACTIVITIES - Tasks, objectives and responsibilities to be fulfilled the student in office. RESULTS - Specific results expected to be achieved by the EXPECTED student in charge of the task. EVALUATION COMPLIMENT ___________ MEDIUM COMPLETE ___________ NOT ACCOMPLISHED ___________ OBSERVATIONS - Comments about the functioning of the student in the position and suggestions for future work. SIGNATURE IN CHARGE SUPERVISOR FIRM 15 Machine Translated by Google Machine Translated by Google Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. INTRODUCTION The growing generation of solid waste and the importance a guide to help guide their actions in this regard, since it of handling it properly is a problem that involves all is an issue that is always present and for which a members of modern society. methodology has not been defined that leads to a system that works permanently within educational establishments. The national reality can be known in greater detail through This makes it necessary to have a guide to guide actions the Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Policy1, in this area. coordinated by the National Environmental Commission, which is based on the "hierarchical strategy". This chapter provides a methodology for the proper management of waste generated within educational The situation in our country regarding the knowledge and establishments. Its objective is to serve as a guideline to dissemination of the subject, makes it necessary to solve the problem of waste in an environmentally promote, from the administration, policies that privilege appropriate way, according to the reality of each education and citizen participation, promoting the proper management of waste in different establishment. Its genesis is in experiences social and educational developed during the last organizations. six years in establishments educational, in which it has been Educational establishments have verified that the change of habits a fundamental role in the in relation to the formation of habits, attitudes and generation and management of values in future generations, so waste is a slow process, which it is essential that they promote must be accompanied by a methodology that allows policies that promote the participation of the entire directing efforts to obtain permanent results. Only in this community. way is it possible to implement sustainable programs that manage to become a hallmark of the members of the Waste management is a relevant issue that education for educational community. sustainable development aims to address with a vision of the future, however, working with it systematically and rigorously is a great challenge. On a recurring basis, teachers from different regions of the country request 1 See Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Policy at: www.conama.cl 18 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. WASTE DEFINITIONS Avoid: concept that promotes the non- Waste: Substance, element or object that the generator generation of waste. eliminates, proposes to eliminate or is obliged to eliminate. Minimization: actions to reduce or reduce the quantity or dangerousness of the waste generated at its origin. Household solid waste (RSD): solid waste, garbage, Consider measures such as generation reduction, reuse waste or waste generated in homes. and recycling. Reduce: reduce the amount or dangerousness of the Waste management: Complementary use of all waste generated. It includes changes in the design of practices that make it possible to properly manage waste products and in their production processes. in its stages of generation, storage, collection, Recycling: process of transforming certain materials transportation and final destination. contained in waste into secondary raw material for production processes. Hierarchical strategy: It is based on the prioritization Management plan: planning instrument for the of four alternatives for waste management: avoid, comprehensive management of household solid waste minimize, treat and dispose. at the community or regional level, which identifies the priorities to be developed to improve the current situation. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MANAGEMENT PLAN The stages presented below facilitate the implementation within the educational establishment of a solid waste management system or plan in a sustainable, sequenced and rigorous manner, prioritizing the active participation of the educational community. In its development. Figure 1: Diagram of the stages of the management plan. 19 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. A.DIAGNOSIS The diagnosis is an investigation that describes a situation facing a problem, so that the solutions that are designed are, on the one hand, pertinent to the social, cultural, The management team may use the concept of geographical and economic reality, in which the educational production per capita as an indicator of the progress establishment is immersed, and on the other, possible to or setbacks of the plan, especially so that each put into practice. member assumes their individual environmental responsibility in the plan. Knowing and valuing its reality, the community will become aware of its possibilities and limitations, and will have Production per capita: Relationship between the elements to support its actions. This information will amount of waste generated and the generating facilitate the decision about how to population. put into practice its own solid waste management plan with a view to sustainability. Solid Waste characterization study The diagnosis seeks to provide answers to questions about the amount of waste generated, its type and use, in The characterization of waste is a study that allows addition to analyzing the existing management system knowing the amount and type of Solid Waste generated within the establishment. inside the educational establishment. Below is a summary of the different aspects that a This is an experience that helps to understand the problem diagnosis of Waste should consider of waste in an experiential way, allowing teachers to Solid in educational establishments: promote the development of activities that facilitate significant learning in all sectors and subsectors for the different levels of the school system. 20 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGYENERGY WASTE, AND WATER. AND WATER. Different types of waste are generated within educational establishments, such as: Organic: - Remains of fruits and vegetables. - Leftovers. - Residues from green areas such as pruning remains and grass. - Paper napkins. Inorganic: - Paper and cardboard. - Plastic bottles (PET: polyethylene telephthalate; example: containers of soft drinks, oils). - Other Plastics. - Tetra pack. - Glass containers. - Aluminum cans. Others: - Various containers for "junk" food. - Waste from bathrooms. - Earth and stones. Characterization Utilities The characterization of the RSD presents the following c) Composition of the waste The utilities, or benefits: composition of the waste refers to the proportion in which each one of them is present in the general context a) Knowledge of the total amount of waste generated. of the RSD generated inside the establishment. The characterization will allow knowing the amount of RSD that is generated within the establishment, it also d) Stratification according to serves as a basis for future comparisons. origin Stratifying the waste according to its origin allows knowing the types and quantities generated in the b) Statistical control By different physical spaces of the establishment, it is knowing the amount of RSD generated, comparisons another fundamental aspect for the later design of the management plan can be made over time, or by seasonality, or goals can be set for reducing waste or increasing recyclable It is recommended to stratify the establishment in: materials. • Kitchen and dining room; • Green areas (if any); • Corridors and patios; • Buildings (rooms, offices, bathrooms); 21 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: FACILITIES: WASTE, HANDBOOK ENERGY AND WATER. ENERGY AND WATER. WASTE, Obtaining the data To obtain data, the following general indications are made: In the case of single-teacher establishments, it is important to work with the community. • Specify the sector(s) and subsector(s) of the curriculum that • will be in charge of the study. A responsible person must Clarify concepts related to the theme of Waste. be defined to direct the characterization study. Complement the work with the Pedagogical Support It can be a teacher from some sector or subsector Guide on Waste.3 involved. • Have the necessary materials such as • Define in a participatory manner students, teachers, posters, booklets, etc., to explain and facilitate the administrators and para-teachers who will participate in classification of RSD, a suitable scale to measure them, the activity2 . The active integration of the community gloves, masks, a table to record the data (figure 2), favors understanding and commitment to get involved in separation tables, garbage bags, etc. the problem and its solution. In the Figure 2: Table to record the characterization data. sectors TYPE OF WASTE Kitchen and dining room Corridors and patios Buildings Green areas Total ORGANIC Leftover fruit and vegetables. Leftovers. Waste from green areas. Paper napkins. INORGANIC Paper and cardboard. Plastic bottles (PET:: polyethylene terephthalate; examples: containers of soft drinks, oils). Other Plastics. Glass containers. Aluminum cans. OTHERS Various containers for “junk” food. Waste from bathroom. Earth and stones. Others. Total Kg 2 It is desirable that parents, guardians and even members of the environment in which the educational establishment is inserted, such as social leaders, police officers, among others, be incorporated. 3 Teaching Support Guide: Comprehensive incorporation of solid waste management in the school curriculum. (2006) 22 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. • Carry out the characterization one day within the week • In the case of the kitchen and dining room, it is suggested that is considered normal, that is, it should not be that the waste be previously separated into fruit and carried out when special celebrations are held, there vegetable scraps, food scraps and others. is a low influx of students, or another event that makes the study less representative because on those special • Regarding restroom waste, it is suggested that it be days the waste can be unusually disposed of in clearly identified plastic bags. For older or younger. hygienic reasons these residues should not be analyzed in detail. • To carry out the characterization, the waste must be separated according to a defined stratification, that • Know the place of origin and intermediate collection in is, differentiated according to a specific area of origin. order to design the way in which the waste will be transported to the place where the characterization will be carried out. Elimination: any of the operations intended to treat, final dispose of or recycle waste. Among the disposal alternatives, the following should be considered: 1. Final disposal: it is defined as the activity of definitive deposit of waste, with or without prior treatment. Within this, the following alternatives can be considered: • If they are transported to a sanitary landfill; • If they are transported to a landfill; • If they are transported to a dump; • Another alternative. 2. Recovery of waste: activity that implies obtaining a resource greater than the simple disposal of the waste. Among them, reusing, recycling, treating with energy recovery, composting or another that generates a product stands out. current management Within the diagnosis, in addition to knowing the origin, b) Waste flows out of the establishment When describing quantity and composition of the waste, it is necessary to be the waste flows, it is important to highlight what type of clear about how it is handled within the establishment, if collection exists, and whether it is municipal or private. there is collection and what happens to it after being It is also important to know the cost that it means for removed. the establishment or for whoever finances the removal, as well as the type of final disposal that the waste will a) Flows of waste within the establishment It is have. necessary to describe the movement of waste from each of the areas where it is generated, to the intermediate points where it is collected and/or to the place where it is collected. 23 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. a) Compostaje4 Aspects to consider to determine the feasibility of composting inside the establishment: • Physical space for installing the infrastructure. • Possibility of having rich cover material in carbon as dry leaves, small branches or other waste from green areas. In case of not having them, it is possible to use cardboard boxes, sawdust, dry guano, among other materials. • Possibility of separation at source (kitchen and dining room) of the indicated waste. • Support for the management of compost bins. Recovery of solid waste b) Elaboration of leaf soil Once the quantity and type of waste generated inside the establishment is known, it is possible to define which and In the case of establishments that have a large how many of them can be managed in situ or ex situ, amount of waste from green areas, it can be managed depending on the existing possibilities. through stockpiles in which it degrades naturally, transforming into leaf litter. On-site recycling feasibility The remains of fruits and vegetables generated in the Aspects to consider to determine the feasibility of kitchen and dining room, along with paper napkins, tea making leaf litter inside the establishment: • Physical bags, egg shells, among others, are suitable waste to be space for installation of the infrastructure. treated through composting. • Possibility of performing separation at origin of these residues. Vegetable waste from green areas can be transformed into leaf litter or serve as cover material for the composting • Support for stockpile management. process. 4 See Home Composting Guide at www.conamarm.cl 24 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. Ex situ recycling feasibility. students, promoting a culture of consumption that reduces their generation. Once the waste characterization data has been obtained and analysed, the possibilities for ex situ recycling will be b) Donation of waste studied. For which there are two alternatives: sale and According to the existing possibilities, the donation of waste. establishments must define if it is more beneficial to donate certain types of waste generated The waste that is generally feasible to recycle ex situ is to a campaign that benefits from them. mainly paper and cardboard, glass containers, aluminum cans and plastic bottles. In general, if the amount of waste is small, it is not convenient to sell it, since the effort made to do so a) Sale of waste To will be scarcely compensated. The donation requires define the destination of the recyclable waste less effort, since it is usually the company with which generated within the educational establishment, the the charity organization has an agreement that is in existing market must be studied and it must be charge of collecting the waste. This alternative is not evaluated whether the quantity produced makes the always present in regions or in locations isolated from sale attractive, considering at the same time the urban centers. East facilities or difficulties existing for the removal and transportation of them. This aspect must be taken into account, especially once the results of the characterization are known. This analysis should preferably be carried out with the support of the mathematics subsector. Within this item of the diagnosis, the existence of different buyers should be investigated, thus determining to whom it is more attractive to deliver If you decide to develop charity campaigns, you the waste recovered in the establishment. In some of can visit: • www.cenfa.cl • www.codeff.cl • the big cities, it is possible to find various companies www.coaniquem.cl • www.fundacionsanjose.cl in the field that offer waste purchase services. In the • www.alterego.cl • www.fubdacionadam.cl case of isolated establishments where there is no possibility of sale or even removal of waste, it is important to work on the issue with the 25 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. Dissemination of Diagnosis B. DESIGN OF THE MANAGEMENT PLAN The results of the diagnosis, together with all the The design must consider the results and analysis considerations indicated, are the basis for the design of produced by the diagnosis, this makes it easier to have a the waste management plan, so it is essential that the clear starting point and not create false expectations community knows them, in order to enhance their regarding the success of the program. It must be participation. considered that it is a dynamic process and that it is a flexible design that can be modified as its development is It is recommended to disseminate through posters, bulletin evaluated. boards, talks, or other alternatives that serve to raise awareness in the entire community. Dissemination must Selection of waste to include in the management plan consider students, teachers, para-teachers, parents and guardians and any other personnel who provide services Due to the heterogeneity of the composition of the residues in the educational establishment, as well as the external studied, it is necessary to analyze a series of criteria, to community. finally select the residues that will be included in the management plan. Among the criteria is the feasibility of on-site or off-site recycling and the amount of different types of waste generated within the establishment. Source separation design The separation at source of the waste to be included in a recycling plan helps to make it more efficient, in addition to allowing the active participation of the community involved, since they must dispose of their waste according to the established separation. Once the waste to be included in the source separation plan, it is necessary to determine how and where the separation will be carried out. 26 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. • Separation at source of organic waste: If the plan located next to the current "garbage dumps". In other includes composting, it is necessary to design a way words, if, for example, it is decided to separate plastic to separate vegetable waste from the kitchen and bottles (PET) in the yards, a container for this waste dining room. If the reality of the establishment allows must be installed next to each of the existing it, it is possible to carry out separation at source of "dumpsters". vegetable waste generated in other sectors, for example, the remains of fruit originating in the patios In order to minimize implementation costs and of the establishment. optimize space, it is recommended to use a container for several types of waste, as long as the • Separation at source of inorganic waste: In the event characteristics of each one are not altered. that it is decided to recover inorganic waste (paper, from them. For example, if it is decided to recover cardboard, cans, plastics, among others). It is aluminum cans, plastic bottles (PET) and glass, these necessary to define the places or areas of the residues can be deposited all together in the same establishment such as rooms, patios or offices, in container. Do not forget that the waste collected in which the containers for these purposes will be located. this way must be properly separated at the collection point, in order to be marketed or donated. The containers and signs used for separation at source are fundamental aspects for obtaining positive results in the development of the plan. In the case of recovering vegetable waste or paper and cardboard, it is advisable to use exclusive containers for each of them. • Containers: To facilitate and encourage the community to separate its waste at source, it is recommended The differentiated colors are a means that facilitates that the installed containers be the identification of the containers for the different types of waste, therefore it is recommended and necessary to maintain criteria in all areas. 27 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. For some residues, colors widely accepted and used • Signage: A relevant aspect for the community to know by the international community have been defined: and respect the new form of separation at origin is the choice of clear, precise and motivating signage, which is integrated into the containers in a visible way • Blue for paper and cardboard • so that users can clearly identify where to deposit Green for glass containers • Yellow each residue. for plastic containers • Brown for vegetable matter • Red for metals It is suggested that the signage be designed with the support of the arts education subsector, with the Containers should ideally be of a participation of students in order to facilitate their knowledge of the new long-term material to facilitate its maintenance and form of management from the beginning, thus making it aim at the permanence of the management plan easier for them to get involved. within the establishment. Waste stream design Do not forget that the containers and the environment in which they are located must be kept clean, and After separation at source, it is necessary to move the that the mobilization frequencies must be the waste from the containers to the area where necessary so that they are not overwhelmed. are collected, with a certain frequency. Due to the need to have resources for the purchase For the transport of waste within the establishment it is of containers, it is recommended that, as far as essential to define clear responsibilities within the system. possible, they be manufactured in the same establishment. In activities of this nature Students guided by teachers can participate. If there is separation at source within the classrooms, corridors or patios, it is recommended that students Another possibility is that the containers could be participate in the transport and disposal of the recovered purchased with the sale of the waste, added to this is materials from the same separation containers at source the possibility of applying for competitive funds from to the collection area. If the same container is used for local governments or other state agencies, for several types of waste in the separation at source, it is example, the CONAMA Environmental Protection recommended that they be separated by the students prior Fund.5 to the final collection. This activity must be organized and supervised by a teacher. 5 www.conama.cl/FPA 28 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. Figure 3: Example of waste flow in the educational establishment. SEPARATION IN ORIGIN COLLECTION AND MOVED TO PLACES OF INTERNAL COLLECTION SELECTION CONDITIONING STORAGE MOVED TO COMPANIES RECYCLERS RECYCLING COMPANIES RECYCLERS OR CENTERS OF EXTERNAL COLLECTION In the case of waste from green areas, kitchen and dining Within this sector, signage is an important component, as room, it is recommended that they be transported by it helps to indicate the type of waste that should go in those who currently carry out this task. each container. It can also explain the environmental implications of recycling, thus favoring the interest of the school community. Design of the storage area. It is important that the signs and containers in this sector It is necessary that there is a collection area that has the are consistent with those used appropriate containers to dispose of the Waste separated for source separation, this facilitates user actions. at origin, considering its type and quantity. It is recommended that the area be located in a visible place within the open spaces of the establishment and that it be Depending on the climatic characteristics (wind, rain, etc.) permanently kept clean and tidy, as it is also a way of and the type of waste collected, the need for protection in disseminating the new waste management. It is necessary the storage area must be evaluated. to consider withdrawal frequencies. 29 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. On-site recycling design Those responsible for removing the product when the process is ready must be clearly defined. Vegetable waste from the kitchen and green areas can be recycled on site. Waste from green areas Vegetable waste from the kitchen In the composting sector there must be a container that can be made of logs and mesh where the leaves of the The remains of fruits and vegetables can be deposited in trees, the small remains of pruning, dry grass and other a container or simply in garbage bags, to later be dry materials, rich in carbon, which, as already pointed transported to the place where they are going to be out, will be deposited. Serve as cover material for the composted6 . composting process. The management team will define the procedures and If within the EE the material of the green areas is those responsible for moving the waste to the composting abundant, it can be stockpiled to become leaf litter. One area. It is important that those responsible learn how to person needs to be responsible for airing it out and deposit them inside the compost bins, however it is keeping it moist, especially in the summer, to make the recommended that students have an active role in this process easier. activity, for which ideally the teacher of the natural environment compression subsector should organize Signage can be developed as a joint activity between the them and give them the necessary guidance. so that they art, arts education and science sectors. A signage can be know the technique of composting. developed that expresses to the community in a synthetic way the process that occurs there. The compost bins must be located outdoors, with easy The signage must provide information about the access, in a place where water does not stagnate. It is composting process, its benefits and possibilities. necessary to have people responsible for its operation and the necessary tools to aerate the compost. Removal design for off-site recycling The option to donate or sell recyclable waste must be Close to the composting site must be the cover material agreed upon by the team in charge of the project. To that will allow carbon and nitrogen to be balanced. If dry define this aspect, it is important, when the EEs are far material is scarce, it is necessary to look for alternatives from urban areas, to take into account the distance to the such as cardboard, egg boxes, sawdust, dry guano, in purchase or donation centers in order to seek some type order to always keep the material on hand so that the of support in the community to help transport them. composting process works properly. 6 For more information on composting see: www.compostchile.com; Home composting manual. CONAMA at www.conamarm.cl/; and www.infoagro.com/ abonos/ compostaje.asp 30 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, FACILITIES: ENERGY HANDBOOK AND WATER. ENERGY AND WATER. WASTE, Sale (videos, PowerPoint presentations, posters, bulletin boards, newsletters, among others). To define the sale of some recyclable products, the ex situ recycling feasibility study, carried out in the diagnostic stage, Training for all actors should be considered. It is essential that all the actors of the EE are informed about In places far from recyclable waste purchase centers, the cost the new management plan. In the case of those whose of transportation should be evaluated in the event that the participation is essential, they will be given the necessary purchase does not include removal. information so that their participation facilitates the new management. Donation Kitchen staff When opting for the donation of waste, it is important to ensure that it is removed in a timely manner, otherwise the collection Kitchen staff must be given information about the environmental area becomes saturated, causing problems that discourage problems generated by solid waste, their role as generators the continuity of the program. within society and the real possibilities they have of making contributions by collaborating with this new form of management. Design of the dissemination of the management plan Once the action plan has been designed and prior to the The science teacher or another person from the establishment installation of the infrastructure, it is important to carry out a who knows the composting process, will deliver notions about dissemination campaign that makes the new management it. It is important to emphasize the importance of source plan and its environmental implications known to the community. separation for the process to work. The campaign will disseminate aspects such as the results of the characterizations, the importance of recovering raw materials, energy savings and other benefits. This will raise awareness in the community. about the environmental, educational, and economic benefits of the new management plan. To carry out the dissemination, students must be involved, counting on the contribution of various sectors of learning, among which language and communication, science, art, technology, and mathematics stand out. The management team, in a participatory manner, will define the means of communication to be used to disseminate the plan 31 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. In the event that it is decided to separate other types of teachers waste, in addition to vegetables, clear and precise information must be given to the kitchen staff about Teachers are the pillar of the new system, they are the separation at source and storage, defining responsibilities. ones who will motivate and spread the system throughout the community. Grooming aids It is important that there is a responsible teacher who coordinates the actions, seeks support and delegates Given the relevance that auxiliary personnel have on a responsibilities to other members of the community. daily basis in waste management, it is necessary to provide You can be a teacher from any learning sector, the most them with special training. They should be made aware of important requirement is your motivation and initiative to the environmental implications of the project and given lead the project and your ability to convey this concern to clear regulations on how the waste will be removed and the rest of the school community, especially the students. disposed of. It will be necessary to clarify the meaning of separation at origin, the movement of flows, and the relevance of their cooperation in general. The EE will have administrative to define who will be the teachers who will collaborate with the training of the personnel. The administrators in one way or another are part of the new form of management, they must be given information In addition to maintaining the cleanliness and fulfilling the so that they know and respect the separation at origin and, assigned roles, the auxiliary personnel must change the if they eventually feel motivated, have a more active way they collect and dispose of waste. An alternative is to participation. make them responsible only for collecting what is going to be deposited in “garbage” or collaborating with the collection of recyclable waste. Each establishment must define which is the most suitable alternative according to her CARACTERISTICS. 32 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. For them, broadcasting is an important means of information. Tracking Design It is important to prepare a record with clear indicators that Parents and Guardians account for the evolution, achievements and difficulties of the management plan. These might be: Through your representative organization, Parent and Guardian Center, or on your own, your active participation • Realization of new characterizations for is important. compare with the first. • Records of the amounts of sales or donations. To the extent possible, they should participate in the coordinating team. • Composted mass. • Amount of compost obtained. • Having their support and collaboration can mean an Quantity of land of leaves obtained. • important enrichment for the new form of management, Reduction in the cost of waste management. • Use of they can provide labor to develop containers, participate in separation containers in the system organization process, carry out or enrich the source. dissemination and even be a support to carry out activities • State of the storage area. • with students. Effectiveness of the dissemination carried out. • Others. In the meetings of parents, they can receive and deliver information related to the topic. Environmental Forgers7 and other support groups Despite the fact that the raison d'être of these groups is to support environmental issues, it is important to provide them with limited information regarding waste, so that they efficiently support the management plan. They can take on some responsibilities, delegate and supervise. 7 See www.forjadoresambientales.cl 33 Machine Translated by Google MANUAL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. C. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MANAGEMENT PLAN The execution of the management plan is the implementation of the new waste management plan, it is a dynamic and perfectible process, in which aspects that arise as the plan is executed must be considered and integrated. Hazardous Waste8 : Is that residue or mixture of residues that presents a risk to public health and/ or adverse effects on the environment. Prior to the implementation of the management plan, all the steps described above must have been complied with. In the EE, waste is generated that generally does During the execution of the action plan it is of vital importance not correspond to this type. In this sense, it is to consider: suggested not to promote the recycling of batteries, since there is still no adequate and safe way to • Continuous dissemination of results using dispose of them in the country. Rather, it is all possible resources available, including the recommended to encourage the use of rechargeable media. • Evaluate the participation of the entire batteries, and recommend the reduction of the use of devices community. • Supervise and permanently maintain the that require these supplies. infrastructure. • Consider the evaluation that students, teachers, administrators, assistants, community can carry out. • Motivate teachers to be alert to include and select aspects that can be incorporated as resources in the learning sectors. • Assign responsibilities to people with a high commitment to environmental issues. 8 Guide for the preparation of hazardous waste management plans, CONAMA, (2005). 34 Machine Translated by Google Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. INTRODUCTION The growth experienced by the country and the consumption of educational establishments, which are a real contribution, habits of the population, increasingly demand greater not only in what refers to the care and efficiency in the use energy consumption. In 2005, the Ministry of Economy of this resource, but also in the formation of students with created the Country Program for Energy Efficiency (PPEE), civic awareness who look to the future with greater which is leading a national effort to coordinate responsibility in the use and care of natural resources. of public, private and civil society actors with the purpose of carrying out a concrete action program that gives a strategic boost to energy efficiency in the national context, Without sacrificing or reducing the level of well-being or the providing tools and encouraging the population to be careful degree of satisfaction of daily needs, it is important for each and rational in the consumption. person to reflect on how they can adopt better practices in order to promote greater efficiency in the use of energy, which in turn time it will allow greater protection of its own It is a change of habits, and as such, it is a long-term task economic resources and the environment. It aims to that requires continuous delivery of information. encourage uses and customs that promote education and responsible consumption. Given the relevance of the subject and the importance of bringing together all the actors of national life, the SNCAE, Small changes in technology and habits in the use of within the framework of Education for the Development of the energy mean a considerable impact in the care of natural Sustainability, seeks to implement actions within resources. success in this type 36 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE,ENERGY WASTE, ENERGYAND ANDWATER. WATER. of initiatives depends on everyone and requires tools Goal that allow informed decisions to be made, for example, knowing how much energy an electric kettle uses Contribute to the strengthening of the SNCAE, compared to a gas kettle, or knowing which is the providing members of the educational community with component of a computer that uses more energy. tools that facilitate the implementation of good practices in the use of energy, both within the educational establishment and in their family and social environment. From this perspective, this manual aims to be a guide that provides practical tools to sensitize the school community in relation to the theme, giving not only specific guidelines on how to use energy efficiently, but also collaborating in the formation of an attitude of care and respect in the way of relating to the environment, helping to preserve the planet for future generations. 37 Machine Translated by Google MANUAL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. STAGES DIAGNOSIS The first step is to investigate the reality you are facing Know the evolution of consumption over time, or the educational establishment in relation to consumption, the variation of this in the different months or seasons both electricity and gas, firewood, paraffin or other of the year, will show the impact of the activities of the energy resource. This will allow you to become aware of establishment in relation to energy expenditure. its limitations and possibilities in relation to the use Access information on consumption prior to the start of the of energy, and will give it elements to support future program will allow to determine the impact, in the savings Actions. energy, of the actions carried out. Among the most important aspects of the The aforementioned study provides information that can diagnosis regarding the use of energy together with the consumption enrich learning experiences in the field of history and the state of the facilities, there are the mathematics and science, therefore it is suggested to incorporate user behavior and habits. this theme as a learning resource in these sectors. Resource consumption For example for the registration of account data Firstly, a comparative study is proposed to of electricity several possibilities are suggested. Yes it is know the historical consumption of electricity, gas, firewood or other possible to have the previous accounts of the power source within the educational establishment. educational establishment can make a If possible, it is suggested to contrast the current consumption month-to-month comparison of the last two or three years. with data that can be obtained from previous years in For this, the following table could be used: equivalent months. If this information is not found available, it is important to start recording data at from the start of the study. Year Period Diary spend Fixed charge Monthly consumption Base energy value 2003 November $ 672 $ 484 402 kwh $ 21.516 2003 December $ 664 $ 482 375 kwh $ 19.918 2004 November $ 762 $ 486 421 kwh $ 23.350 2004 December $ 799 $ 490 490 kwh $ 23.960 2005 November $ 789 $ 479 479 kwh $ 24.950 2005 December $ 838 $ 505 411 kwh $ 25.650 ÿ It is important to consider the price readjustments experienced from one year to the next, due to inflation and/or rate increases or decreases. 38 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. In this way, students will have access to information that State of the facilities will allow them to carry out a comparative study. If there are no school accounts, it is suggested to start the study Any malfunction in the electricity and gas network can be with data from some of the students' homes. life-threatening, so the entire community must be aware of its responsibility to immediately inform the establishment's management, who must take the appropriate measures At this stage, it is suggested to analyze with the students at the time it is suspected. about any changes. the items that appear on the receipts to internalize the subject and that the diagnosis be made with more background information. For example, in the electricity bill The malfunction of devices such as stoves and kitchens, it is interesting to know what "Details of your Consumption" together with altering energy consumption, constitute a refers to; “Information of the Month”; “Details of your danger due to eventual toxic gas emissions. For this Supply”; “Detail of your Account”. Learning to read the reason, the diagnosis must consider an analysis of the accounts allows you to be informed about the charges, state of the systems or benefits and obligations as a consumer. appliances that use energy inside the establishment. It is suggested to build a list that indicates the conditions in which each one of them is found, leaving a record of It is recommended to prepare different tables for each the maintenance needs or energy source (electricity, gas, paraffin, firewood or other). repair. The analysis of the facilities must consider among other aspects: the sealing of windows and doors; cleaning bulbs or lamps; and the proper use of curtains. 39 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. Description of the different uses of energy within the Determination of opportunities for improvement or establishment and behaviors or habits of users flaws Once the consumption, the use of energy, the state of the Within the analysis of the initial situation, it is important to facilities, and the behaviors and habits of the users have know the different types of energy used, for this it is been studied, the aspects that can be improved will be necessary to detail all the activities or artifacts and the determined. energy they require. It is convenient to make a complete list with all the In addition to knowing the activities, the state of the requirements, regardless of the costs or the difficulties to devices, and the type of energy required, it is important to develop it, in order not to leave out important aspects. In analyze the habits of the users, since they directly affect a later stage, those that, according to the priorities and consumption. For example, it is important to carry out a resources of the establishment, have the greatest study regarding the use of appliances in the kitchen, to possibility of being implemented will be selected. The observe if the community in general turns off the lights transcendental thing is that there is a record with all the when they are not being used, if the heating is used points, so that in the future the change can be quantified properly, if the computer monitors are kept off when not as a consequence of the adequate in use, etc. This manual contains an annex that suggests use of energy resources. good practices in this regard.1 Dissemination of Diagnosis The sectors where energy consumption habits should Once the aforementioned aspects have been detected, mainly be observed are offices, classrooms and kitchens. the community must know the situation of energy consumption. Awareness is essential to promote a change in attitude towards the care of these resources. This dissemination can be done through posters, bulletin boards, talks and should consider students, teachers, para-teachers, parents and guardians and any other personnel who provide services, as well as the external community. 1 See Good practices in the consumption of energy resources, p. 44 40 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, FACILITIES: ENERGY HANDBOOK AND WATER. ENERGY AND WATER. WASTE, Design of the MANAGEMENT Plan Design of improvements and alternatives to reduce the Selection of alternatives consumption Based on the improvements and alternatives to reduce According to the reality of the establishment and taking into consumption, once the economic evaluation has been carried consideration the results of the diagnosis, the possibilities of out, those that can be put into practice in the establishment being efficient and rational in the use of energy resources must must be selected, without neglecting the importance of those be analyzed. that point to behavioral changes in the community. It is recommended to select those aspects that are most relevant to consumption, so that the actions taken have a high Permanent diffusion. impact on its reduction. Notwithstanding the foregoing, within the possible actions there are countless of them that are low The action plan designed must be supported by a dissemination cost or refer only to changes in the habits of the that reinforces its foundations and environmental implications. If this dissemination is clear, precise and motivating, it will users. In this sense, it is of great importance to take into account facilitate the internalization of the new habits by the school the formative aspect of the community within the actions to be community. developed2 . For the design of the diffusion it is recommended to involve Economic analysis students through different sectors and subsectors of learning, motivating the participation of the sectors of language and Once the alternatives that can be applied in the establishment communication, science, art, technology and mathematics. have been studied, both in terms of infrastructure and habits, it is recommended to carry out an economic analysis that allows determining the decrease in consumption to compare the Training current situation with that at which that is expected to arrive when implementing each action. For example, if it is decided to It is important to plan the way in which the information is going change the existing light bulbs for other low-consumption ones, to be delivered that makes all users aware of the care of energy the current cost should be recorded, relating it to the type of resources. It is not enough to deliver a manual that gives existing lighting, and a projection of the instructions. It is suggested that this aspect be worked on by the science and mathematics sector. new consumption. 2 See Good practices in the consumption of energy resources, pag. 44 41 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGYENERGY WASTE, AND WATER. AND WATER. A work plan will be designed that considers the active commitment of students, casino staff and auxiliary staff to put into practice the new forms of efficient and rational consumption of resources, encouraging them to continue with these good practices in daily life, in any place. Research workshops should be held with the students, who may be in charge of the science and technology sector. Tracking Design It is important to prepare a record with clear indicators that In the case of the Environmental Forjadores and other groups, account for the evolution, achievements and difficulties of the it is important to provide them with information so that they management plan. This record may consider: can participate in the installation of the issue of energy efficiency in the establishment. At the same time, they can take on some responsibilities, delegate and supervise. • Monthly study of the consumption of electricity, gas, paraffin, firewood or other. • Low-cost actions to reduce consumption. • Technological change actions. • Record of change of light bulbs and other artifacts. Along with the above, it is recommended to carry out periodic inspections in the establishment, analyzing the same variables of the diagnosis in order to detect shortcomings in the implementation of the approaches and detect new flaws or opportunities for improvement. 42 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, FACILITIES: ENERGY HANDBOOK AND WATER. ENERGY AND WATER. WASTE, EXECUTION OF MANAGEMENT PLAN For the execution of the management plan it is necessary: o Hold meetings with the participation of the teacher, the person o Include all physical sectors of the establishment responsible for the management plan, the auxiliary staff in which there is consumption of electricity, gas, paraffin, and the kitchen staff with the aim of analyzing achievements firewood or other. and difficulties. or Install throughout the educational establishment o Carry out a continuous diffusion with material posters that account for the management plan. elaborated by the students in workshops, informing the community of the achievements obtained. o Incorporate students directed by the responsible teacher. They will have the task of maintaining the monthly table of o Consistency in the implementation of the reduction alternatives consumption in order to carry out the proposed in the design of the management plan, with an comparisons and evaluate achievements. active and permanent commitment of all members of the school community. o Work with students belonging to groups of brigades or environmental forgers who will be in charge of the daily supervision of the execution of the actions agreed upon in the design of the management plan. They will support the review of lights, stoves and fans turned on unnecessarily, the use of the kitchen and refrigerator, water heaters, etc. 43 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. GOOD PRACTICES IN THE CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY RESOURCES ACTIVITY / TIP COMPLIANT OBSERVATION AND NO Management actions in the educational establishment • Maintain the temperature inside the premises of the establishment, ensuring that doors and windows are properly sealed. Take care that the heater is in good condition so that polluting gases are not generated that affect the health of the educational community. • When using electric or gas stoves, make sure that there is no oversizing of the appliances with respect to the size of the piece. • If you use firewood, prefer it dry, it pollutes less. You can recognize it because it is lighter and the crust comes off easily. • Give priority to the double chamber slow combustion. Make sure that the pipes are cleaned at least twice a year or before the cold season begins, this reduces the emission of polluting gases. The combustion of wood is adequate when the smoke it generates is invisible. • When you are not using electric stoves, turn them off, it is a device with high energy consumption. • When heating water, put only the amount you are going to use at that time into the kettle, do not fill it unnecessarily, thereby saving energy and time. 44 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. ACTIVITY / TIP COMPLIANT OBSERVATION AND NO • In schools, in general terms, electricity is more expensive between May 1st and September 30th between 6 pm and 11 pm. Therefore, it is necessary to seek a reduction in consumption, especially during times of higher demand. • Schools have numerous options to select the type of fee for which they will be billed. Each one has advantages and disadvantages, so the type of rate that best suits the reality of each establishment must be defined. • Keep windows clean, this way make the most of natural light. • Open blinds and shades during the day to make the most of natural light. Keep in mind that light curtains favor light. • Frequently clean the lights you are using, the accumulated dust subtracts up to 20% of luminosity. • Turn off the light every time you leave the classroom, office or other rooms. Turn on lights only when needed. 45 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. ACTIVITY / TIP COMPLIANT OBSERVATION AND NO Low Cost Actions • Use low consumption light bulbs, they are designed to directly replace traditional light bulbs, with lower energy consumption. • Use low power lights in places that do not require more lighting. Technological Change Actions • Evaluate the possibility of using solar panels to heat water. • Evaluate the possibility of using wind power to generate power. • In those schools where the lighting systems have switches that control large areas of the installation from one point, it is necessary to increase the number of switches, ideally to one per room, in order to be able to separately turn off the lamps in those areas that are not occupied and leave the occupied areas with lighting. • Study the possibility of adapting a thermal insulation technique using materials that offer resistance to the passage of external heat, avoiding temperature loss in winter or an increase in temperature in summer. Thermal insulation serves to save energy by reducing heating consumption, as well as ensuring interior comfort both in winter and summer. 46 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. ACTIVITY / TIP COMPLIANT OBSERVATION AND NO Tips to help save energy in everyday life • Select the clothes that need to be ironed according to the heat required. Do not leave the iron on longer than necessary. • When heating the house, check that the temperature is not excessive so as not to end up opening the windows due to the heat. • In case of long periods of baking, you can switch off the oven 10 minutes before the end of the planned time, thus taking advantage of the residual heat to finish preparing the food. • Preheat the oven only if the recipe or the cooking tables of the instructions use of the oven explicitly require it. • The most suitable kitchen molds are metallic dark or enamelled, since they absorb heat particularly well. • Defrost the products inside the refrigerator, in this way the cold accumulated in them is used to refrigerate the other foods. • Between the refrigerator and the wall there must be a minimum separation of 15 or 20 centimeters to promote heat exchange and not consume more energy than necessary. 47 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. ACTIVITY / TIP COMPLIANT OBSERVATION AND NO • When cooking, always cover the pots so as not to waste heat. • Activate the power saving option on your computer when you are not using it. • Select the washing programs according to the load sizes. • When using automatic washing machines try to select low temperature programs. 90% of the energy consumed by the washing machine is used to heat the water. • Avoid opening the oven when you are cooking, each time you open the oven the temperature drops by about 25º. • Defrost the food you are going to cook on time so you don't have to use microwaves or other forms of energy. • The refrigerator is one of the appliances that consumes the most energy in the home. Open it for short periods and check that it is well closed afterwards. • Locate the refrigerator in a cool place, away from heat sources. • Periodically defrost and clean the refrigerator, as the layer of ice in the freezer increases, the compressor must work harder. Keep the grille and radiator in the back clean. 48 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. ACTIVITY / TIP COMPLIANT OBSERVATION AND NO • Open the refrigerator only as much as necessary. Every time you open it, hot air enters and this makes the compressor work harder. • Regulate the temperature of the refrigerator according to the season of the year, more power in the summer, less power in the winter. • Put the food in the refrigerator at room temperature, when it is hot, the condenser must work harder. • When using lamps, consider that colored lampshades Of course they let the light through better. • Turn off the television, stereo, computer and other similar devices when you are not using them. Energy savings in transport • Whenever possible, use the bicycle as a means of transportation. Also prefer to walk when it comes to short distances. • Whenever possible, share the use of your car to get to your place of work. • Avoid overloading your vehicle, excess weight increases fuel consumption. 49 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: FACILITIES: WASTE, HANDBOOK ENERGY AND WATER. ENERGY AND WATER. WASTE, ACTIVITY / TIP COMPLIANT OBSERVATION AND NO • If you are going to stop your vehicle for more than a minute, turn off the engine, with them you will save gasoline and avoid polluting. • Keep your vehicle's engine in good condition, thereby saving gasoline. It is important to keep the oil and air filter clean so that combustion is more efficient. • Keep a reasonable distance from the vehicle in front of you, this allows you to drive at a regular speed and not consume excess energy, as you avoid braking and accelerating abruptly. This will save between 10 and 15% fuel. when buying • Do not be guided only by the price, ask about the energy consumption of the appliances. • Check the electricity consumption of the old appliances, sometimes they spend more as they require higher energy consumption. • Prefer appliances that have the energy saving option. • Buying class A appliances, that is, with greater energy efficiency, you will reduce energy consumption while maintaining or even improving their quality and performance. 50 Machine Translated by Google Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. INTRODUCTION Water is one of the most valuable natural resources "Chile seems privileged by the amount of water resources available to humanity, whose development since prehistory it possesses, however, the calculations are not optimistic: has been marked by its presence or absence. It is a the country spends 2,000 cubic meters of water per fundamental resource, its existence is closely related to second, but estimates from the General Directorate of the quality Waters (DGA) indicate that this figure could double in the of life and the development of different cultures. Its role in next 25 years . the development of agriculture and industry is essential, as well as in social life and in sanitary quality, in short, “At a global level, water scarcity is already a reality, and there is a close relationship between water and the for this reason, in 2000 the UN and other international achievements that can be achieved in all areas of life. . organizations -such as UNESCO- declared in 2003 Without water there is no life, its lack is linked to poverty, such as the International Year of Fresh Water, to promote disease, social and economic conflicts. a more moderate use of the resource, in accordance with the actual availability on the planet, which endangers the development expectations of nations”1 . “…only 3 percent of the water on Earth is fresh. But that's not all, because 70 percent of it is also concentrated in In order to consolidate an attitude that supports the the polar ice caps and another 29 percent accumulates in rational use of water resources, the SNCAE is designing sometimes inaccessible underground deposits. So, only 1 guidelines that support, motivate and facilitate educational percent is available in surface sources, such as rivers, establishments to put into practice actions that, on the streams, lakes and ponds.”1 Water is not an abundant one hand, mean saving this valuable resource, and on resource, so it is necessary to take care of every drop. the other another raises awareness among the entire educational community so that it adopts good practices in its daily life, both within the establishment and at home. Producing drinking water is a long, expensive, and complex process that requires human labor, economic resources, materials, and high-tech processes. 1 www.sustentable.cl 52 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, FACILITIES: ENERGY HANDBOOK AND WATER. ENERGY AND WATER. WASTE, The General Directorate of Waters (DGA), promoting a new water The extensive existing information related to the subject allows it culture, together with the MINEDUC has developed an educational to be approached from different perspectives within the learning material, in accordance with the current Plans and Programs, sectors and subsectors, without neglecting the importance of focused through the Transversal Fundamental Objectives (OFT). values and training, since it is a resource that is essential to The volumes correspond to the books intended for teaching from protect. This chapter constitutes a practical guide, which considers 5th to 8th grade, a collection called “Gota a Gota”2 . The contents daily aspects and management proposals within educational of this chapter are complementary to the "Drop by Drop" material, establishments, and may be enriched by experiences carried out being a support to address the issue of water from the pedagogical throughout our country, in the context of the diverse realities that field. exist in the different regions. OBJECTIVE Its objective is to promote care in the use of water. They are a support to move towards a "water culture", seeking responsible citizen participation by providing information about Contribute to the strengthening of Education for Sustainable the care of this Development, providing members of the educational community resource. with tools that facilitate the implementation of good practices in the management of water resources, both within the educational establishment and in their family and social environment. 2 www.dga.cl/ 53 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. STAGES DIAGNOSIS Water resource consumption The diagnosis is an investigation that will allow the In the first place, a comparative study will be carried out, to educational establishment to know and assess its reality to know the historical consumption of water within the become aware of its possibilities and limitations in relation educational establishment. If possible, it is suggested that to the use of water resources, giving it elements to support the current consumption be compared with that of previous future actions. Studying the reality of what is happening in years, if this information does not exist, it is important to your immediate environment, with respect to water record the data that is obtained at the beginning of the resources, is the first step to familiarize yourself with an implementation, so that they can be used for future issue that must be addressed with a vision of the future. comparisons. Data from equivalent months should be compared. It is Below are some aspects that should be considered to make suggested to prepare a table with the monthly consumption a diagnosis of the use of water resources in educational and know the average monthly consumption. establishments: This study provides information that can enrich learning experiences in different sectors, for example, the mathematics sector can take charge of data collection and analysis. 54 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. State of the water network It is important to have the drinking water network in good condition. Possible leaks will be investigated, it is suggested to carry out an operation in which water consumption is suspended The causes of water loss can be due to: for a few minutes in order to observe the movement of the needle on the meter. This is an activity that serves to • Broken or leaking pipes; • Hoses detect breaks and leaks, it can be repeated periodically with running water as an effective way to know the existence of any needlessly; • undetected damage that generates water loss. A visual Faucets in poor condition; • check of the operation of the entire system of water Toilets in poor condition; faucets and bathrooms should also be carried out. The loss of water resources due to the poor condition of the water network not only causes damage to the environment but also means a misuse of economic resources. It is convenient that within the analysis of the state of the water network the expense for leaks or losses of the resource is quantified. Here is an example: Water loss quantification table Flaw Loss estimate (monthly) Cost of wasted resources (monthly) leaking keys 10 m3 $ 4.500 broken pipes 20 m3 $ 9.000 55 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. Description of the different uses of the resource within the EE and user behaviors or habits The habits of the users are decisive in the amount of water consumed, for this reason it is necessary to detect if the faucets run excessively or unnecessarily when they are not in use, if there is concern when the toilet water is running unnecessarily, if at the end of the day there are open faucets, if patios and gardens are watered in hot hours, as well as evaluating the use of water in the kitchen. Determination of opportunities for improvement or The sectors where mainly the form of consumption should be observed of water are: • kitchen • toilets • patios 56 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, FACILITIES: ENERGY HANDBOOK AND WATER. ENERGY AND WATER. WASTE, Damage Once the causes of the loss of the resource and the inefficient uses have been studied, the aspects that should be improved must be determined, both in the infrastructure and in the behavior of the users. It is convenient to make a complete list with all the requirements, regardless of the costs or the difficulties to develop them, so as not to leave out important aspects that will allow defining the real feasibility of improving it. The transcendental thing is that there is a record with all the points, so that in the future the changes within the establishment can be evaluated, with respect to the water resource, as a consequence of the implementation of the new system. Dissemination of Diagnosis Once the aforementioned aspects have been detected, it is important that the community knows the diagnosis of the consumption of water resources in order to raise awareness and thus contribute to promoting a change in attitude towards its care and assessment. This dissemination can be done through posters, bulletin boards, talks and should consider students, teachers, para-teachers, parents and guardians and any other personnel who provide services, as well as the external community. 57 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. MANAGEMENT PLAN DESIGN In this stage, the basic actions to design the management Design of improvements for the efficient use of water resources plan are described. Design of corrections to detected flaws. Water consumption can be minimized both by the use of simple technologies and by changing habits. It is important According to the reality of the establishment and taking to work with the community to change habits regarding into account the results of the diagnosis, the possibilities the use of water resources, in order to be efficient and that favor efficiency and rationality in the use of water rational in their use3 . resources should be analyzed. It is important to set realistic goals for the execution of actions to proceed with the repair of existing damage. The only viable alternative to reduce consumption in the event of a fault is to repair the damage caused by the loss of water. 3 See recommendations of good practices for the consumption of water resources, p. 62. 58 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. Economic analysis Once the improvements have been designed, consumption must be compared to check the effectiveness of the new system. Table for comparison of consumption versus repair costs Place Flaw Monthly consumption Cost Consumption Cost Repair Permanent diffusion. Selection of alternatives Once the management plan has been designed, prior to Starting from the corrections to the damages and the the installation of improvements to save water consumption, improvements for the efficient use of the water resource a dissemination campaign must be carried out to make and once the economic evaluation has been carried out, the new management plan and its environmental those that can be put into practice in the establishment implications known to the community. If, for example, it is must be selected, without neglecting the importance of decided to change the key system, it is essential that the those that point to behavioral changes in the community. community knows the measure in advance and is aware of the meaning of this change. In this aspect, clear, precise and motivating signage is relevant, which disseminates the results of the diagnosis and indicates the real possibilities of saving the resource. This will give meaning to the new way of caring for the water in the educational establishment. Broadcast signals will be located in strategic sectors and where there are water faucets. 59 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGY AND WATER. Students must be involved, with the contribution of various regarding the situation, so that they efficiently support the sectors of learning, among which language and management plan. They can take on some responsibilities, communication, science, art, technology, mathematics delegate and supervise. stand out. Tracking Design Training It is important to prepare a record with clear indicators that In a special way, work will be done with students, kitchen account for the evolution, achievements and difficulties of staff and auxiliary staff, clearly giving them the new the action plan. These might be: guidelines for the rational consumption of water resources, encouraging them to continue with these good practices in • Monthly study of water consumption; • their daily lives, wherever they are. Records of damage to the plumbing system; • Damage repair time; • Registry of the state of the WC water faucets; It is recommended to carry out research workshops with the students, in charge of the science and technology sector. In the case of Forjadores Ambientales and other support groups, it is important to provide them with limited information 60 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGYENERGY WASTE, AND WATER. AND WATER. EXECUTION OF THE PLAN MANAGEMENT For the execution of the management plan it is necessary: • Include all sectors in which there is consumption of • The existence of a teacher responsible for the management Water. plan who holds meetings with auxiliary staff and casino staff to assess achievements and difficulties. • Install posters throughout the educational establishment to account for the new management plan. • Continuous dissemination, through material prepared by students in workshops, informing the community about • Incorporate students directed by a teacher so that they the achievements obtained thanks to their efforts. are responsible for keeping the monthly table up to date in order to compare consumption, evaluate achievements • Permanent implementation of the reduction alternatives and detect deficiencies. proposed in the design of the management plan. • Daily supervision of the status of the network and • The inclusion of the theme by all teachers in their learning consumption by students belonging to groups of brigades sector at least once a year, for example, by celebrating or Environmental Forgers, who will watch the meters to World Water Day (March 22). detect leaks, the keys to check that they are perfectly closed, the correct operation of the toilet tanks and that no hoses are left open when leaving the educational establishment. 61 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, ENERGYENERGY WASTE, AND WATER. AND WATER. GOOD RECOMMENDATIONS CONSUMPTION PRACTICES OF THE WATER RESOURCE ACTIVITY / TIP COMPLIANT OBSERVATION AND NO • Organize shifts with your colleagues from the Environmental Builders club or another existing group to check that there is no loss of water in the entire establishment when you go home. The most insignificant drip can waste up to 75 liters of water a day and a tap in poor condition can cause the unnecessary waste of 35,000 liters of water a year. • Always be alert to any loss of water, turn off faucets that run unnecessarily, even if you haven't turned them on. A single leaky faucet can lose 4 liters of water in an hour. • Respect the instructions that tell you how to take care water in faucets and toilets. • When flushing the WC, take care that no water remains running. In a year, between 150,000 and 200,000 liters of water could be wasted. • Each toilet flush requires approximately 20 liters of water. Do not use it as a wastebasket, you will have more unnecessary downloads. • Putting a drinking bottle filled with water inside the WC tank will save the equivalent of the water contained in the bottle. • If you use keys with an automatic closing system, let it close by itself, if this does not happen, notify us so that it can be repaired. 62 Machine Translated by Google HANDBOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL IN EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: WASTE, FACILITIES: ENERGY HANDBOOK AND WATER. ENERGY AND WATER. WASTE, ACTIVITY / TIP COMPLIANT OBSERVATION AND NO • Water at the time of lowest temperature (in the afternoon) to avoid losses due to evaporation, the plants will thank you. • Choose native plants (from your area) for the garden, they consume less water and give much less work. • Watering weeds that are turning yellow is a waste of water, it will no longer revive. • Wet the broom to sweep, do not waste water by spraying the cement. • Collect water to wash the dishes, use running water only to rinse them. • Draining oil in the dishwasher means seriously contaminating watercourses. • Don't pour any hazardous chemicals down the drain. • Trees are not only needed to make paper. Large amounts of water are also required. Saving paper is also saving water. • When washing the car, use a bucket instead of a hose. • Brushing your teeth or shaving can save up to 3 liters of water, if you keep the tap turned off. • Short showers (5 – 10 min.) save water and Energy. 63 Machine Translated by Google Machine Translated by Google