Machine Translated by Google STANDARDIZATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN, STATE COMMITTEE ON METROLOGY AND PATENTS BOARD DECISION ÿ 006 Baku city 10 July 2015 On approval of state standards Paragraphs 2, 3, 6 and 7 of the "Rules for recognition and application of international (regional) and interstate standards, norms, rules and recommendations in the territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan" approved by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan No. 26 dated November 22, 1998 and Decisions No. 85 and 8.45 of the “Regulations on the State Committee for Standardization, Metrology and Patents of the Republic of Azerbaijan” approved by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan No. 155 dated August 31, 2009 : 1. To approve the following state standards developed on the basis of international standards. 1.1. AZS 807-2015 (ISO5666-1999) “Water quality. Determination of mercury ”(Appendix 1). 1.2 AZS 808-9-2015 (ISO 6107-9-1997) “Water Quality - Dictionary Part 9. Alphabetical list and table of topics ”(Appendix 2). 1.3 AZS 809-1-2015 (ISO 8689-1: 2000) “Water quality - Biological classification of rivers. Part 1: Guidelines for the Interpretation of Biological Quality Data Based on the Study of Benthic Macroinvertebrates ”(Appendix 3). 1.4 AZS 809-2-2015 (ISO 8689-2: 2000) “Water Quality - Biological Classification of Rivers Part II: Guidelines for the presentation of biological quality information from benthic macroinvertebrate studies” (Appendix 4). Machine Translated by Google 1.5 AZS 832-2015 (ISO 14015-2001) “Environmental management. Environmental assessment of production areas and organizations. Principles and structural scheme ”(Appendix 5). 1.6 AZS 833-1-2015 (ISO 10304-1: 2007) “Water quality - Determination of anions dissolved in ions by liquid chromatography. Part I: Determination of bromide, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and sulfate ”(Appendix 6). 1.7 AZS 834-5-2015 (ISO 10381-5-2005) “Soil quality - Sampling. Part 5: Guidelines for Procedures for the Study of Urban and Industrial Areas Concerning Soil Pollution ”(Appendix 7). 1.8 AZS 834-6-2015 (ISO 10381-6-2009) “Soil quality - Sampling. Part 6 - Recommendations for the collection, processing and storage of soil samples under aerobic conditions for the analysis of microbiological processes, biomass and diversity in the laboratory ”(Appendix 8). 1.9 AZS 835-2015 (ISO 14001-2004) “Environmental management systems. Requirements for instructions for use. Principles and structure ”(Appendix 9). 1.10 AZS 836-2015 (ISO 14004-2004) “Environmental management systems. General guidelines on principles, systems and methods of operation ”(Appendix 10). 2. To instruct the Department of Legislation and Legal Expertise (R.Valiyev) to ensure that the state standards approved by paragraph 1 of this Decision are sent to the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Azerbaijan no later than 3 days for inclusion in the State Register of Legal Acts of the Republic of Azerbaijan. 3. To instruct the Department of Technical Regulation and Standardization (N. Tagiyev) to ensure the registration of state standards approved by paragraph 1 of this Decision. 4. and To instruct the Azerbaijan Institute of Standardization and Certification (S.Abdullayev) to ensure the inclusion in the state fund of technical normative legal acts on technical regulation and standardization of state standards approved by paragraph 1 of this Decision let him Machine Translated by Google 5. To instruct the General Department (Kh. Hasanova) that the relevant structure to acquaint departments with this Decision. 6. I control the implementation of this Decision. Chairman of the Board, Standardization of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Metrology and Patent on State Of the Committee Chairman Ramiz Hasanov Azerbaijan Republic Standardization, Metrology and State Patent Committee Of the Board dated ÿ________________ ÿ 2015 _________________ Approved by Decision No. Appendix 7 OF AZERBAIJAN REPUBLIC STATE STANDARD Soil quality - Sampling. Part 5: With soil pollution in connection with the city and industry on the study of fields instructions on procedures AZS 834-5-2015 Machine Translated by Google (ISO 10381-5-2005) INTRODUCTION 1. DEVELOPED, DISCUSSED (20 years) and PRESENTED by the Technical Committee on Ecology (TC-09) . may 2015-ci 2. This standard is an authentic translation of the international standard ISO 10381-5-2005 oSoil quality - Sampling - Part 5: Guidance on the procedure for the investigation of urban and industrial sites with regard to soil contaminationÿ. 3. Applied for the first time. 4. In order to determine whether the requirements set out in the state standard are based on international standards, norms, rules and recommendations and relevant progressive national standards of other countries, modern achievements of science, technology and technology, the standard inspection period is 2020, periodic inspection period is 5 years. STATE STANDARD OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN Machine Translated by Google Soil quality - Sampling. Part 5: With soil pollution in connection with the city and industry on the study of fields instructions on procedures AZS 829-5-2015 (ISO 10381-5-2005) Soil quality – Sampling . Part 5: Guidance on the procedure for the investigation of urban and industrial sites with regard to soil contamination 1 SCOPE This standard provides guidance on procedures for the study of urban and industrial areas when there is a suspicion of the presence or absence of soil contamination. This is appropriate when the contamination status of the area needs to be determined or when determining the quality of the soil for other purposes. This standard includes guidelines for gathering the information needed to assess risks or prepare additional action plans (for example, when measures or proposals are required to achieve the best form). However, it only provides guidance on the information generally required. He emphasizes the need for additional information on specific event methods. This standard also applies to areas where soil contamination is not expected, but the quality of the soil must be determined (for example, to ensure that there is no contamination). Although each area considered in this document is defined as an urban or industrial area, this section of BST AZS 10381 Machine Translated by Google The guidelines apply equally to areas where the degree and extent of contamination must be determined. Notes: 1. Pollution is defined as the result of human intervention, but the methods described for the study also apply to areas where potentially harmful substances are naturally high. 2. Number of different purposes for soil sampling BST Along with the references mentioned in this part of 10381, it is listed in Appendix A. 3. Prepare action plans using the general part of the risk assessment information and this part of BST 10381 however, this document does not provide guidelines for decisions and activities accompanied by site surveys (for example, risk assessment and action requirements decisions). 4. This part of BST AZS 10381 is engaged in soil research. It is important to identify old cities and industrial areas where there may be buildings, industrial facilities awaiting demolition or restoration. Failure to inspect these buildings before demolition may endanger the safety of workers or cause contamination to spread throughout the area. Examination of abandoned buildings or abandoned foundations is beyond the scope of this part of BST AZS 10381. 5. In many cases, there is a close link between soil, groundwater and surface gas pollution and surface water. 2 REGULATORY REFERENCES This standard refers to the following normative documents. Only referenced publications apply for historical references. For references without a date, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any changes) is used. ISO 11074 Soil quality. Vocabulary (Soil quality - Dictionary) 3 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS In this standard, the term specified in BST 11074 and their Relevant definitions were used: 4 OBJECTIVES 4.1 General These guidelines can provide a framework for the various phases and phases that can be considered in soil research. The resulting determination of the contamination status may facilitate the selection and application of appropriate measures that will determine the risk assessment. Information and requirements for specific purpos Machine Translated by Google The guidelines are set out in a number of International Standards, including BST 15175, BST 15176, BST 15799, and BST 15800. 4.2 Explanation of objectives The reasons and objectives of the study may vary widely, but in general are: - using the area, and the area when it is redeveloped identify and assess the risks to its users; - identify and assess environmental risks, taking into account adjacent areas, surface and groundwater, ecosystems and public health; - involved in the study, redevelopment, maintenance of the area identification and assessment of risks to employees; - identification and assessment of adverse effects on construction materials. Decide on the importance of risks and whether any form of action is required in relation to them. After the main objectives of the study, a number of additional objectives emerge can. This may include: (a) To determine whether any action is required to immediately protect the affected recipients; b) exposed to one or more actual or potential risks to determine the components of time; c) identify receptors that may be at risk now or in the future (eg humans, ecosystems, groundwater); d) identify ways in which specific receptors may be exposed to contaminants; e) provide information to be used in risk assessment; f) provide information to assist in the development of safeguards and recovery measures; g) allow the characterization of contaminated materials to ensure a safe and appropriate treatment; h) providing reference information on the achievement of measures; i) to enable decisions on the impact of sustainable land use on soil quality; j) providing information on the assessment of the risk of environmental liabilities and the impact on the value of property. Machine Translated by Google These generalized goals depend on the purpose of the study can be formulated with specific requirements. EXAMPLE: Before a site is allocated for the construction of new housing, the survey may serve the following purposes: - determine the history of the area and the presence of contaminants make; - to determine the nature, volume and distribution (expected) of pollutants within the territory; - to determine the potential for the migration of contaminants outside the area, including surface and groundwater (this potential may indicate the existence of legal obligations). - public to determine health and hitting losses environmental safety; - data collection in connection with the proposed development (risks to human and the environment) and the necessary measures to identify inconsistencies and prepare estimates - complete with results, recommendations and budget for the event data collection to facilitate report preparation. 5 GENERAL STRATEGY FOR STUDYING AREA 5.1 General Determining the extent of a contaminated area, and in particular the environment in which the contamination may occur, can be difficult to assess human risks. Due to this complexity, the process of identifying, quantifying and evaluating contaminated soils should be a recurring process with different stages of the study in order to obtain the necessary information to characterize potential risks, routes and receptors. The objectives should be reviewed at each stage and requirements for the next study should be developed. The main phases are as follows - preliminary research (see 5.2), - research for testing (see 5.3, 7 and 8), and - research of the main field (see 5.4, 7 and 9). The relationship between these phases is shown in Figure 1. Additional research may be required to provide information on site selection methods or the preparation of measures for construction. Machine Translated by Google The results are shown after the completion of these studies a report should be prepared. Figure 1. Block diagram of the phases of the study of the area Machine Translated by Google The research strategy (initial, experimental or main area) will be determined by the objectives. For example, different sales survey requirements for sales, contamination testing, or recycling may vary depending on the sample locations and the number of samples analyzed. will affect the cost of research. Before starting any phase or phase of research, it is necessary to determine the type, quantity and quality of the data (for example, analytical quality) and other information that needs to be collected. Part of the purpose of the quality of this information will depend on the nature of the decisions on which the research is based and the confidentiality required in those decisions. The data collected that initially fail to define data quality objectives may lead to a significant waste of significant allocations when a large number of uncertainties about the “conceptual model” are relevant or insufficient to assess a reliable risk or prepared for the site (6.5 for explanation of the conceptual model). - see). When deciding on a strategy, consideration should be given to the application and use of analysis and measurement techniques in the area. This section of AZS 10381 does not provide specific guidance on these topics. 5.2 Scope of preliminary research Preliminary research consists of theoretical research and acquaintance with the area (control, field inspection). It is carried out using historical records and other sources to obtain information on the current and past uses of the area, along with information on local soil characteristics, geology, soil science, hydrogeology and the environment. These preliminary studies can reduce the possibility of contamination, and assumptions can be made about the nature, location and distribution of contamination. These assumptions are part of the overall conceptual model of the area to be developed and cover not only pollution aspects, but also data on geology, soil science, hydrogeology, geotechnical features and the environment. Current and planned use of the site is also an important aspect of the conceptual model. Preliminary research should provide sufficient information on: - to make an initial conclusion about the actual or potential risks to human and receptors and to determine whether future action is needed. Machine Translated by Google The amount and type of information required will depend on the objectives of the study. The amount of work required will vary according to the age of the area, the complexity of the historical use and the complexity of the geology, and so on. It should be borne in mind that pollution in the area may be more complex than initially expected (for example, with current use) and that relevant information on the history of the area should be obtained from the initial study. 5.3 Scope of experimental research Field research includes on-site surveys, including sampling of soil, groundwater, surface water and groundwater, and appropriate analysis or testing of collected samples, where appropriate. The information obtained is then evaluated in order to determine whether the hypotheses from the initial study are correct and where they are appropriate, and to test other aspects of the conceptual model. Therefore, this is a qualitative rather than quantitative study, and typically a few examples will be analyzed. In some cases, no further research is needed when the hypothesis is correctly stated. However, it is clear that the test is the result of targeted research (for example, a more complex contamination sample) or that the contamination concentrations are higher than expected and may already pose a risk. The information obtained in this situation is not sufficient to make a sufficiently reliable decision and does not allow for a full risk assessment, sufficient to identify protective or restorative measures and to select, develop and apply protective and restorative measures in the appropriate sequence and after further research. it will be necessary to re-conduct a basic survey of the area to generate information. 5.4 Scope of research in the main field The study of the main field serves to determine the amount and distribution of pollutants in the area, their mobile and stable particles and their distribution in the environment. This includes the possibility of re-contamination in the future. It uses soil, groundwater, and surface water to obtain a complete assessment of the exposure of humans or other potential receptors to pollutants and to obtain (sometimes) the information needed to identify (sometimes) appropriate contaminants or remediation measures, along with an initial cost estimate. and requires the collection and analysis of soil gas samples. Machine Translated by Google Sample analysis can be supported by research techniques without model calculation and sampling. A detailed plan of protective or restorative work may require further research. The amount and nature of information required from a major area survey (or any of its specific phases) will vary depending on the nature of the site and the purpose of the study. The sequence of decisions on what measures to take in the field will vary from field to field. In addition, the quantity and quality of information required will also vary according to the requirements of the decision-making process (for example, risk assessment, decisions related to the need and type of restorative measures, etc.). All parties involved in the decision-making process must be fully informed to ensure that the information is satisfactory for the intended purpose. After completing the interpretation of the information generated, including the assessment of any risk, it should be possible to determine which protective or restorative measures are required and to summarize the types of appropriate measures. 6 PRIMARY RESEARCH 6.1 Introduction Preliminary research serves to take into account the availability of relevant information, its accuracy, reliability, doubtfulness, lack of information and relevance to the objectives of the study. Preliminary research consists of the following: - theoretical research in which information on the history of the area and other relevant aspects of the site is collected and critically reviewed; - Familiarity with the field (field control, inspection); - development of a conceptual model of the area, in particular 1) assumption of possible type and amount of pollutant, 2) migration routes (entry and exit to the area), temporary spread in the area, 3) assumptions about other aspects of the area close to the hydrogeological surface; - preparation of results in relation to the needs and scope of further research; - human or environmental (eg, fences, additional deposits removal) identify the need for precautionary measures to protect. Machine Translated by Google The objectives of the initial study should be determined prior to the study to ensure that the scope (for example, the source of the information studied) is appropriate. In many cases, an initial assessment of potential risks to humans and other receptors should be possible. The information collected should allow: a) preparation of appropriate research phases or phases to minimize the risk of future spread of the contaminant or the creation of new routes (eg boreholes and test wells); b) adoption of appropriate work safety methods during the investigation (see AZS 10381-3). The minimum information to be collected during the initial study is given in 6.2 and 6.3, and the procedures for obtaining the information are given in 6.4. Instructions on the results of the preliminary study are given in 6.6. 6.2 Information on past or future use The rapid growth of urban areas has resulted in the forgetting of formerly rural areas and changes in the use of existing lands. For him, too, pollution has occurred before urban areas, as a result of some historical industrial processes, and the information that needs to be collected for urban industries is similar. The information collected for the historical and modern use of the site should provide as much information as possible (subject to the restrictions agreed within the objectives): - any changes, construction or other activities that have taken place in or near the area; - any material used in connection with any past activities and (description of chemical composition) industry, construction or other activities in the area; - industrial and other activities (production processes, storage facilities, means of transportation of materials, as well as underground transportation) that have caused a potential cause of soil contamination (as accurately as possible); - cables, conductors, soft landscape and heavy landscape areas, bulk soil areas and end material areas, flow treatment, clay handling, surface drainage, chemical storage, underground tanks, waste materials, construction waste, etc. details; - information on adjacent land use (current or targeted) that will affect the area under study. Machine Translated by Google Information on similar areas in the same area should be used for comparison. 6.3 On geology, soil science, hydrology and hydrogeology information Information on the geology and soil science of the area and, if possible, the hydrological and hydrogeological condition should be collected. The extent to which this information should be collected and the degree of detail required can only be determined subjectively, but should be consistent with the stated objectives of the study. The information collected should include the following: - expected soil profile (natural and anthropogenic); - the nature of the soil and the depth of the layer; - depth and seasonal changes in groundwater; - vertical and horizontal flow direction and change over time (if possible) at the local and regional levels (the presence of a waterproof layer may be particularly important); - drainage samples and surface water flow, even if they are currently filled and groundwater sustainability; - Groundwater springs, wells and other outlets and availability of any groundwater, ground gas control devices; - for example, the results of previous soil surveys and chemical surveys, such as wells drilled in and around the area in connection with construction work, and other (geotechnical) forms of research; - characteristics of the contaminant in relation to the local soil structure or profile (for example, the humus in the soil can be absorbed by the contaminant component). 6.4 Methodology 6.4.1 Means of obtaining information The information specified in 6.2 and 6.3 shall be obtained in the following form: - Detailed maps of good quality should be used for reference purposes, for example, regional maps on a scale of 1:25 000, from 1: 2 000 to 1: 2 500, where the supply of power lines is noted. Local maps, historical maps, land maps, hydrogeological maps. - of the territory analysis of maps and databases related to geology, soil science, hydrogeology and hydrology; Machine Translated by Google - Verification of satellite images (white and black, color and infrared); - analysis of current and previous licenses of archives, entrepreneurs and users, previous development plans, information obtained from land registration offices (for example, from municipalities, provinces) in connection with the areas adjacent to the area under consideration; - analysis of trade and street directorates to identify previous users of the area and active activities; - consultation with the competent authorities on the environment, operational permits and current use of the territory, including release agreements; - When possible and appropriate, interviews should be conducted with current and previous entrepreneurs, employees, current and former neighbors, business and environmental groups in the neighborhood, groundwater research companies, water companies, water quality controllers, etc. (the accuracy of this event should be treated with caution until the information is confirmed by an independent source); - site visits (site visits) to observe the area. This should be done after obtaining and reviewing available historical information and other relevant information. 6.4.2 Observations during site visits The outcome of the site visit should include a report on the condition of the existing site, including the topography, surface drainage and any "abnormal" conditions, including the consequences of the potential cause (spread) of pollution. The pictorial notation should be described in full and highlighting the characteristics of the study. A site visit will also be facilitated by the development of a strategy for a consistent study of the site, which will be used in practice, and the specifics of the site will be taken into account. As many observations as possible should be noted during site visits. Typical observations made during the site visit are: - current use and condition of the site; - access to the site, ease of movement in the area, and in typical locations (e.g. buildings or other structures) conditions that prohibit sampling; - condition of the territory boundaries and use of surrounding lands; - proximity to sensitive structures and proliferation; - potential riches of the field (for example, electric wires passing through heights, gaps); Machine Translated by Google - hazardous materials; - evidence of changes at the field level (increases and decreases); - indicators of pollution (for example, immaturity of the plant); - visual evidence of pollution entering or leaving the area and the presence of odor; - condition of any surface water; - proof of water outlet points; - availability of any groundwater or groundwater control wells. Safety is very important when familiarizing yourself with the site, and those who do so should be aware of possible physical risks, as well as pollution or biological risks. For example, older buildings may not be structurally sound and should only be entered after consulting a specialist (see AZS 10381-3 for more safety information). 6.5 Development of a conceptual model 6.5.1 General conceptual model The conceptual model is to combine the information about the area (for example, pollution, geology, soil science) and, where possible, to show the ways in which pollution can affect current and potential receptors now and in the future. An important aspect of the conceptual model is the creation of assumptions about pollution. Creating a conceptual model can help to better understand the field and the risks it can expose to humans and other receptors, as well as to prepare for the next stages of research. It also helps with how events can be achieved and other things can be done. 6.5.2 Emergence of assumptions related to pollution Based on the results of the initial study, assumptions should be made about the possible natural changes and the expected release of pollutants in the area. With regard to relevant assumptions, it will often be necessary to identify separate zones in the area where different assumptions apply. This will normally be important for larger areas, but is also possible for smaller areas. Assumptions related to individual items should be prepared in such a way that (6.5.4- see) then it can be combined with the conceptual model, and in this case all the available information should be taken into account and the information should be related to the pollution of the zone. Machine Translated by Google should become a general scenario. Conceptual models for individual zones can be combined with a conceptual model for an entire area. Throughout the field, a conceptual model is used to develop a sampling strategy that should be used in the next phase of research. However, before deciding on a sampling strategy, it is important to determine whether or not to expect contamination of the site or zone for each zone (and for the entire site) from the available data, ie the zone (or site) may be should be characterized as unpollutedÿ or ÿmaybe contaminatedÿ. 6.5.3 “Perhaps unpolluted” area or territorial assumption Based on the results of the initial study, there is no reason to suspect that contaminant activities have taken place in the area and there is no evidence that pollutants may have entered the site, the assumption being that the site will be classified as 'possibly uncontaminated'. It is very difficult to provide conclusive evidence that the site is unpolluted. This will often require a pilot study after the initial study has been completed. The instructions given in Article 8 must be followed in this test study. The question of whether the area is uncontaminated will depend on: - levels of potential contaminants; - included pollution routes; - the level of concentration of the components usually encountered; - target levels set for these components in national or regional legislation. Note: Anthropogenic pollution is typical for urban and industrial areas due to frequent atmospheric sediments. The results of a pilot study may agree with the 'uncontaminated' hypothesis, but will sometimes provide unavoidable evidence of contamination. It is possible that a trial study of a “non-contaminated area” will normally detect large-scale contaminants in a limited number of samples. This requires an agreement on the scope of the study between the parties involved prior to the actual study. After all, the scope of the study determines the chances of detecting unexpected contamination. 6.5.4 “Possible contaminated” area hypothesis If, based on the initial study, it is possible to show that the site was once contaminated as a result of the activity, the hypothesis is that the area will be 'contaminated'. Machine Translated by Google In this case, the various assumptions must determine in detail the expected types of pollutants, their distribution throughout the field, the possible ways of their distribution and the impact of surface water on the soil. The following factors should be considered when creating a hypothesis: - physical and chemical composition of pollutants (various individual assumptions, if necessary); - the nature of the source and how the contaminant enters the soil (in the form of a spread or stain); - location of the pollutant in the soil or groundwater based on the expected migration processes (vertical and horizontal) depending on the nature of the pollutants; - potential availability of priority roads; - physical properties of pollutants and their ability to spread through the soil (including biodegradation) and their ability to dissolve in water, interaction with clay and other soil components; - absorption and complication processes; - interaction of pollutants with soil organic matter; - the possibility of sediments in areas where pollutants are spread; - composition of gases and volatile substances from member wastes parts; - soil structure and stratification (for example, highly sandy soils, peat or highly impermeable clays, cracks formed without compression, macromores and biological activities in the soil); - the duration of the contaminant; - table of groundwater depth. When there are assumptions about different parts of the site (zones), the best assessment will be provided, and the creation of assumptions in this form will allow the development of an optimal research strategy. 6.5.5 Assumptions about the spatial distribution of pollutants 6.5.5.1 Types of spatial distribution of pollutants Four main types of spatial distribution can be identified to develop a sampling strategy: - no pollution is present or the pollution is homogeneous; - contamination exists with a homogeneous distribution along with a known source of contamination; Machine Translated by Google - pollution exists with a homogeneous distribution along with an unknown source of pollution; - contamination Homogeneous distribution without any source of contamination available with. 6.5.5.2 Homosexuality versus homosexuality The explanation of the word homosexual or heterogeneous corresponds only to the horizontal individual layer, in a smaller vertical distribution it is usually described as heterogeneous. The nature of the contaminants, the nature of the soil and the length of time the contaminants are present will affect the type of distribution. EXAMPLE 1: In the early stages, the origin of pollutants will be considered as a homogeneous pollutant, but after a certain time of spread, the main area can be considered as a homogeneous pollutant. Assumptions about the nature of the spread are very important. This is the next will also affect sampling strategies. Thus, when a homogeneous spread is probable: - the sampling strategy can take up more space between sampling sites, and pollution is expected to be similar in all locations (this sampling strategy will certainly reduce the identification hotspots); - in addition, the use of complex samples for homogeneous contamination may be economically viable, as analysis costs may be reduced as analytical results can represent wider areas (see also 7.4.6). However, if a heterosexual transmission is suspected: - the sampling strategy will determine the distances between sampling sites, which will allow for expected changes in pollutant concentrations to be determined; - as well as the "known" source of pollutants may include some sampling that can be applied instead. It should be noted that the definition of pollution as "homogeneous" or "homogeneous" depends on the scale used to study the pollution. EXAMPLE 2: A 100 mx 100 m area that is considered to be homogeneously contaminated will be considered homogeneous until the contamination exceeds the limits of the study area. However, when looking at soil quality on a scale of 1000 mx 1000 m, the same pollution will be defined as a 'hot spot' and should also be considered heterogeneous. Homosexuality and heterosexuality are only qualitative concepts. Machine Translated by Google In practice, the spread of contaminants should be a combination of distribution patterns, and sampling plans should be developed to accommodate individual types of distribution. Since assumptions about spatial distribution must be made for each individual item (or group of items), the final sampling plan must take into account the different sampling patterns required for the different contaminants present in the area. 6.6 Preliminary research and reporting on the conceptual model The initial research report should be such that the way in which the conceptual model is initially formed and the individual hypotheses are clearly acceptable and identifiable. The preliminary research report should consist of the following: a) information collected on past and present use of the site, including details on geology, soil science and hydrology; 1) All aspects mentioned in 6.2 and 6.3 should be discussed and details of all sources consulted should be provided. 2) The information obtained should include instructions on gaps and restrictions on inspections. b) no record of how to access the data source and no specific information was obtained; c) a record of unsystematic events obtained with: 1) name and position of the interviewee, 2) date of the interview, 3) the interviewee's connection to the field should be noted may be useful for assessing the reliability of information. d) a full discussion of the full description of the conceptual model development, including: 1) established hypotheses, 2) consequences related to the presence or absence of pollution (and the type of naturalness), 3) details of spatial distribution and restriction to areas where different assumptions are made. e) This result may be in the case of an “uncontaminated” area supporting arguments must be included; (f) In the case of a 'contaminated' area, the following elements should be discussed where appropriate; Machine Translated by Google 1) the form of sources of pollution and the factor of penetration of pollutants into the soil, 2) a list of possible contaminants (and, if applicable, their chemical properties), 3) expected spread - the expected spread is the location of the contaminant in the soil, surface, groundwater and ground gas. g) conclusions and recommendations for the next need and form - in particular the need to explore the area deemed appropriate, taking into account the objectives. Follow the structure outlined in the report (see also 9.6) and It is proposed to include: - Contents; - Summary; - Login; - Objectives; - Details of the study (including sources of information that can be provided in the appendix to be sure); - Site details (including information collected and site visit results); - discussion and speculation; - results; - recommendations; - appendices (having as much documentary evidence as possible). 7 PREPARATION OF INTRUSIVE RESEARCH 7.1 Introduction This article is suitable for the preparation of all types of intrusive studies (for example, experimental and basic studies). Provides guidance on specific types of research in the following sections. The guidelines provide for project preparation, soil sampling, sampling, analytical and testing strategies. 7.2 General aspects of field work Machine Translated by Google It is important to understand that field work in contaminated areas can pose a significant risk to the health of researchers. For more information on possible risks and precautionary measures to control those risks, refer to AZS 10381-3. Reference should be made to AZS 10381-1 and AZS 10381-2 for information on specific aspects of sampling techniques, including sampling methods, including sampling methods, wells and test wells, and sample storage. It should be noted that other non-intrusive research techniques can contribute to the spread of pollution in space. It is advisable to ensure that sufficient samples are taken from the start of site work. It will not always be necessary to analyze all samples taken, but it can be expensive (too much) to return to the field to take an additional sample. This is especially true when samples are taken from significant depths of the soil profile. However, analysis of volatile and semi-volatile components should be performed as soon as possible after sampling, and it may not be possible to save samples for those components for further analysis. Instead of taking samples, methods of field testing and analysis it may be more profitable to use. When it becomes clear that the strategy implemented during the study is not optimal, the strategy should be changed immediately (for example, the groundwater schedule is significantly different from the expected depth). In some cases, additional examples may be needed based on regulated strategies, or unforeseen circumstances may be taken into account. However, this situation is not a clear proof of the original strategy to be followed. Soil layer descriptions should be taken from the site immediately after sampling is completed, if this was not done at the time of formation. Taking pictures with sampling boards and scale markers at sampling sites is usually useful for describing the soil layer. 7.3 General design aspects 7.3.1 General Sampling should be based on the preparation of research in the selected field (intrusive) and field tests (if any) on the results of the initial research and the objectives of the experimental research (Article 8) or the main field research (Article 9). Machine Translated by Google The design of the project will include details of sampling sites, depth, number of samples to be taken, types and methodology in which the samples will be taken. It is important to determine the status of the sampling sites before starting field research, and the sampling team should be allowed to have professional opinions on the field and to change the sampling sites and sites along with field observations. This hypothesis may identify some potential contaminants that will help the initial study to prepare a more detailed baseline study in the field. EXAMPLE: For example, preliminary information on the potential volume of chlorine solvent splashes may help. The development of field trials can minimize the possibility of unforeseen situations by taking into account and providing the information needed to enable basic research in the field to be developed to generate the information required by the objectives. As discussed above, different assumptions can be applied to different areas of the field, and thus different sampling strategies can be applied within the research process. 7.3.2 Preparation of field work 7.3.2.1 Planning Field developers should consider the development of a sampling program and the practical aspects of its implementation. This includes: - location and number of samples and samples for sampling; - sampling method (sampling equipment for wells, test wells, etc.); - samples to be taken (soil, grains, water, gas); - special sampling requirements (volatile components, storage requirements); - requirements for sample containers; - on-site and off-site testing requirements; - analyzes to be performed and specific requirements for laboratory collection, storage and transportation of the sample; - ensure health and safety during research procedures and precautions and required protective equipment; Machine Translated by Google - contamination during and after the study protective measures required to prevent migration; - requirements for treatment of research and the removal of material from the field, for example, the need to dispose of material; - quality assurance requirements; - access to the site (and adjacent land when needed); - the location and nature of the barriers to sample collection in the field and how to overcome them; - location of underground and surface services (including both) and status; - appropriate areas for offices, disinfection areas and sample storage areas; - health and safety (reference should be made to AZS 10381-1, AZS 10381-2 and AZS 10381-3, which describe in detail the risks to researchers and the environment as a result of field research. Necessary precautions should be noted in the field research methodology); - communication and communication on accident and emergency plans and services; - measures to protect the environment, for example, dust removal and control and prevention of the spread of pollutants; - contaminated groundwater, effluents and during research treatment of used and contaminated material. 7.3.2.2 Integrated research Research that sometimes combines needs with pollution and geotechnical aspects is beneficial. This can help when there is a need to take into account environmental protection in the preparation of health, safety and geotechnical studies. Combined research benefits from: - simplified project management; - general use of equipment and procedures; - use of test wells for the resulting savings; - health and safety findings for both studies; - to allow the aggregation of the resulting information. However, the use of integrated research should not result in a compromise in achieving the goal of any research. For example, the location of samples for contamination should not be moved to accommodate geotechnical requirements. Geotechnical sampling methods according to chemical analysis Machine Translated by Google not suitable for sampling. In addition, the requirements for registration of land profiles may vary. 7.4 For sampling and soil sampling Location 7.4.1 General The sampling strategy requires the sampling of the samples to be used, the depth at which they are used, and the type and size of the samples to be collected. The location of the samples is given in AZS 10381-1. Statistical considerations can be applied to the samples taken, especially the distances between the sampling points. It can be used in a combination of two approaches, based on the placement of samples (systematic) or the sampling command. The ability to detect contamination should not depend on the surface of the study area. In other words, if the area of the site increases, more samples will be required to accommodate the potential contaminant with the same probability, or depending on the assumption of the contaminant spread. To meet the objectives of the study, the minimum amount of contaminant should be determined prior to the development of the sampling plan. In particular, the test should determine the extent to which the test will be detected when carried out in a non-contaminated area, and if no contamination is detected, it should be considered hypothesized and no other action should be taken. The number of sample sites to be taken for each potentially contaminated zone should be proportional to the size of the zone, but to the minimum number of samples from which spatial change instructions are obtained within the zone. NOTE: This will require a total of six samples. The reliability of the contaminant estimate will, of course, increase with more sampling. When selecting a sample type, it should be borne in mind that the contaminant is rarely present within strictly defined limits, and that increased concentrations can be used as an indicator of contamination, even if the sample is not sampled at the highest concentration areas. Sampling nets typically vary from a depth of 30 m to a depth of 15 m for field survey. This may be relevant in past gas operations, where the higher density of the sampling network is assumed to be more diverse pollutants, for example taking into account the fact that the sites are 10 m from the center. The level of confidentiality required for the outcome of the risk assessment is related to the quality of the soil Machine Translated by Google a high-density sampling network where information is required may also be required (for example, for the construction of a residential building). 7.4.2 Sampling for evaluation Sampling sites may be selected on the basis of sampling for assessment where a specific source of contaminant is known or suspected, and confirmation of availability or volume is required. Alternatively, the contaminant site can be found in the field survey and the next restriction is required as one of the main site survey objectives. Sampling sites can be selected on a case-by-case basis (for example, general proximity to sources), and the characteristics of the contaminants are better consistent with the following considerations. Sampling sites may be associated with conventional sampling used for other areas of the site, or as an alternative to sampling at specific locations, sampling sites may be located along a radius from a suspected source or high concentration point. When the torch is targeted, sampling sites should be selected in accordance with assumptions about the location and nature of the contamination. The sample taken for assessment is typical of an experimental site survey when it encounters visually contaminated material or sites that are characteristic of suspected contamination to confirm suspicions before conducting more detailed research in the main site survey. 7.4.3 Sampling on a regular basis Field surveys (experimental and baseline) should usually be performed using systematic sampling to ensure that sampling sites are distributed throughout the site (or zone) in accordance with a regular sample. However, non-systematic sampling (in specimens for special assessment purposes) may be appropriate when there is a good reason for such use (for example, when it is important to examine potential ways of spreading) or to complete systematic sampling. The reasons for choosing systematic sampling are: a) in a systematic sample it is simpler to determine the sampling locations in the field; b) identification of areas of contamination and further research It is easier to prepare using a systematic sample. The reliability of interpolation will usually depend on changes in soil properties. In sediments separated into better layers Machine Translated by Google vertical changes in concentration may be greater than horizontal changes. If there are regular topographic samples in the area (for example, trenches at regular intervals, systematic wave movements of trains, etc.), the samples taken should not be consistent with the topography by presenting confusion or systematic error. This should be avoided when careful selection is required by carefully selecting the base or starting point of the sampling nets or by placing the nets. The number of sampling and sampling sites used will vary and will depend on assumptions and research phase. - In the pilot study, fewer samples will be taken from less space than in the main field study. Sampling sites for pilot field research should be selected with the aim of confirming the hypotheses and identifying areas that will require more attention in the main field survey. - In contrast, the survey of the main area will be a detailed study to create a detailed picture of the pollution status of all parts of the area. The distance between sites should be related to the purpose and degreeexamples of confidence required and example numberin the resulting assessment ofpollution and in the assessment of associated risks and the need for rehabilitative work. 7.4.4 Detection of hotspots 7.4.4.1 Identify hotspots The "efficiency" of sampling is often expressed in terms of the confidence that a "hotspot" of a given size will be identified. However, the concept and explanation of hotspots should be carefully considered during the preparation phase of the study, and especially when preparing for the main research in the field. The hotspot can be set as follows ÿ Area of contamination in another form of contaminated area; ÿ In general, the most polluted area in the contaminated area. 7.4.4.2 The size of the hotspot The size of the hotspot is not a well-defined parameter, depends on: a) the source and nature of the contamination process (for example, the hot spot associated with the hidden contamination drums will present sampling problems that are different from those for determining the hot spot due to a leak from the storage tank); Machine Translated by Google b) Investigate the concentration of a specific contaminant determining whether the results are relevant when evaluating. If the size of the hotspot or area to be determined is not found in the field study and subsequent evaluation of the results, it will be related to the maximum area concentration that will not pose an unacceptable health risk. In this sense, it is important to keep in mind the area of contamination that should be considered when assessing human health risks. EXAMPLE: When settlements are built, this will require identifying the contaminated area, the size of the small garden, or even part of the small garden. It can be only 50 m2 (or just 0.5% of 1 hectare area - i) 7.4.4.3 Hotspot detection, field survey preparation and sampling The ability to determine a hotspot in practice can be improved by carefully preparing a field study for testing and, in turn, a basic field study. Sampling densities will be appropriate for areas where contamination is suspected by sampling at a lower intensity, usually in areas where contamination is not suspected, according to assumptions for different parts of the field. Note: In some circumstances, a demonstration with a high degree of confidence that a specific part of the site is 'uncontaminated' may have a greater financial value in the demonstration. This will require more sampling. If contamination is expected to occur at known hotspots, any suspicious location should be investigated. - In a test study, a test site should be located at the assumed center of the boiling point. This example may be sufficient for field contamination. If no contaminants are observed in the field and some information on the amount of contaminant is already required in the test study, then the other four samples should be located on the expected perimeter of the contaminant. Samples should be taken from each location and at appropriate depths. If hotspots are found during a test study (by chance), these hotspots should be studied with the same approach. - The number of additional sample sites in the main field study depends on the scope of the contaminant and the desired reliability of the restriction. 7.4.5 Sampling depth and layer to be sampled Machine Translated by Google 7.4.5.1 Which should be considered for sampling from depth factors The sampling strategies described above apply to a single contaminant in only one plane. The distribution of different pollutants can vary in depth because they have different sources, and even if they are from the same source, they move differently in the soil. As a result, appropriate strategies should be developed for in- depth sampling. For example, consider the following: - physical and chemical soil properties that change along the depth, especially when the soil has an appropriate thickness or large differences in natural sediments; - sources of contamination to be located at any depth of the soil profile (for example, solid, washable, gas and vapor-generating materials, leaky pipes); - in the case of exposure, the appropriate depth may be in any layer of the soil profile (for example, in reconstruction projects, the final formation layer may be lower than the existing site layer; - the movement of gases and liquids along vertical roads will be determined by the physical soil characteristics at the appropriate depth; - Use of the site. When potential contamination is identified in the area, samples should be taken from the horizontal ones where contamination is expected (sampling will be concentrated in the suspected area according to the hypothesis). In some cases, it will be possible to determine the specific depths to be sampled when there is an impenetrable layer in the shallow area. However, it is very difficult to have a clear idea of where the contamination is before any intrusive research. Taking into account the assumptions, for depths greater than 1.0 m in the soil profile, individual samples should be taken on a limited depth range (0.1 m to 0.5 m) in the presence of a representative. They should usually be limited to a typical layer. Samples should be taken to represent any layer that is met and of particular interest (e.g., appearance). When samples are not limited to a single layer, the reasons should be noted in the study report. Machine Translated by Google At all sampling sites, samples should be taken from all depths of interest in accordance with the assumptions. When contamination is recorded at a greater depth than expected in the field study, sampling should be performed at a greater depth, which is appropriate and practical. It is always helpful to take a sample from the natural layer: if it is contaminated, it will also reflect the natural chemical conditions necessary to assess these risks and make decisions on targeted restoration. 7.4.5.2 Sampling depth in relation to the intended use of the site Sampling depths reflect what is known about the intended use of the site (ie, receptors that may be at risk) and possible routes for contaminants to enter the environment. EXAMPLE 1: In the construction of many settlements, at least 1.5 m of excavation is required to carry out installation work and lay the foundations. Deeper excavations may be required to install the sutures. EXAMPLE 2: In commercial buildings, significant depth excavations may be required to excavate several floors of the foundation. Thus, the strength of the construction work can be encountered with contaminated materials at this depth, materials from this depth can be brought to the surface and spread (if the materials are not properly controlled) contaminated materials must be removed from the site for processing. NOTE: BST AZS 10381-8 provides guidance on the study of excavated soil piles from these types of sites. The sampling plan should also take into account the need to lower the surface level, which will penetrate the deeper layers of the site. In many areas, a link between the topsoil and the bottom will be found. There will often be a link between groundwater pollution and groundwater pollution. 7.4.5.3 Sampling of groundwater profile and aquifers Pollution often passes into groundwater in such a way that it collects in the groundwater profile and in the upper layers. For this reason, it is expedient to take examples from this depth. However, it depends on the density of the contaminant. Contaminants such as chlorinated hydrocarbons (non-dense aqueous phase liquids) exhibit adverse reactions and can be detected in high concentrations based on the aqueous layer. 7.4.6 Sample quantity and use of complex samples Machine Translated by Google 7.4.6.1 Quantity of the sample Information on the amount of material to be collected for soil samples is given in BST AZS 10381-1. 7.4.6.2 Production of complex samples Intricate patterns can be created in the field to combine two or more extensions. Alternatively, individual samples can be combined in the laboratory. Note: In both cases, good pre-processing (ie mixing) is important to obtain an analytical sample. 7.4.6.3 When to consider the use of complex patterns can Depending on the nature of the study, the sampling strategy and objectives of the study, as well as the use of complex soil samples, should be considered. In some cases, the use of complex samples may result in the risk of component dissolution, loss and undetectable contamination. However, complex patterns can increase those that represent patterns and a typical number can be taken into account. The use of complex patterns can be considered in the following cases: - when there is a homogeneous spread; - when there is a heterogeneous propagation over a small distance, but the homogeneity propagation over a long distance is homogeneous. - when components are non-volatile or semi-volatile. The use of complex samples may help on a short scale when the components have a high degree of variability, but on a larger scale of distribution, for example when mixed with ash or slag, they are considered homogeneous. In this case, complex samples can give more analytical results. 7.4.6.4 When complex patterns may not be appropriate Complex samples are not suitable in all cases, and the type of contaminant will determine the degree to which complex samples can be created. Complex samples cannot be prepared without significantly volatile ingredients. In the presence of semi-volatile components, complex samples can be prepared in the laboratory. Pre-processing of complex samples is important to obtain results. When the combination of some individual samples with "complex samples" for analysis can increase the chances of detecting total contamination, the concentration of the welding points of the mixing process is reduced. Machine Translated by Google it is possible to dilute, and in this case gives incorrect instructions due to contamination of the area. To allow this, any assessment of the presence of a contaminant must be reconsidered. 7.4.6.5 Which examples should be combined When samples are combined in a field or laboratory, only adjacent samples in the same soil layer should be combined. Combining samples from different soil layers will result in data loss, and only combining samples that are adjacent to each other will provide any large-scale changes in the concentrations in the soil layers. 7.5 Analytical and testing strategies 7.5.1 General From soil, groundwater, surface water, sediments and soil Gas samples should be checked for: - previous, research phase or phases (hypotheses) expected items based on the results. - selection of items of general importance 7.5.2 Analysis of soil samples 7.5.2.1 Approaches to decision making on components to be analyzed There are two different ways to decide on the components to be analyzed The approach is available: - component-specific approach; broad-spectrum approach. - Depending on the purpose of the study and what is already known, both approaches should be used in a pilot study or a major field study. The component-specific approach is a logical choice when pollutants are well known, and research should only be aimed at determining the amount of contaminated soil. On the other hand, a broad-spectrum approach may be the best choice if you want to know more about the potential treatment of contaminated soil or if you want to get an overview of soil quality. 7.5.2.2 Selection of parameters for testing and analysis Contaminants such as heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn), arsenic, mineral hydrocarbons, EOX and PAH will be useful for urban and industrial purposes. Machine Translated by Google covers a large range of contaminants. For this reason, they are normally sufficient when testing the “possibly uncontaminated” area hypothesis and are also recommended for non-specific suspicion of contaminants. Regional examples and national recommendations should be considered. It may be important to determine the reference or boundary that is to be applied in the field to determine portions of organic material portions and small particles (this may be seen, for example, as a local background value). 7.5.2.3 Use of separate or complex samples In accordance with BST 11464 and BST 14507, the combination of samples after pre-treatment (if permitted) must be carried out in a laboratory. For example, samples that clearly differ on the basis of organoleptic evidence should generally be mixed with other samples, but should be analyzed separately. Complex samples should not normally be created from samples taken from different horizons or from different depths in the soil profile. However, in both cases, the sampling strategy will determine the most appropriate analysis strategy based on the conceptual model. If complex samples are used, the original samples should be kept separately. This will ensure that it can be used for re-analysis at a later stage if necessary (of course, this is not possible due to time-varying parameters (eg volatile) or sample treatment (eg pre-processing)). . 7.5.2.4 Storage and transportation of samples Instructions on storage and transportation are given in BST AZS 10381-2. 8 TEST PURPOSE RESEARCH 8.1 General 8.1.1 Basis of experimental research Experimental research continues the initial research and is performed to test the accuracy of the hypotheses developed in relation to field pollution, or, more broadly, to verify the accuracy of the conceptual model developed for the field. Careful preparation of experimental research should result in the ability to demonstrate the accuracy of the hypothesis within a minimum of resources and time. Machine Translated by Google Experimental research will usually provide only limited information. However, depending on the objectives for the specific situation, the information obtained may be sufficient to make a decision, especially when the following is achieved: - high quality of preliminary research results; - appropriate planning and implementation of research; - requirements that are not high due to the reliability of the results. In other cases, the experimental research should be accompanied by a basic field study (see Article 9). 8.1.2 Steps to be combined Experimental research should include the following steps: - development of research strategy; - to determine the validity of assumptions; - Determining the requirements for the next possible study. 8.1.3 Aspects to be considered when developing a strategy The following aspects should be considered when developing a strategy for experimental research: a) Assumptions; b) uncertainties related to contamination and assumed prevalence that require clarification to facilitate the effective preparation of a basic field study; c) any risks to human health or the environment. These aspects determine the following: - means to be sampled (soil, surface, groundwater, soil) gas); - depth of sampling and sampling techniques to be used; - sampling samples; - the number of samples to be taken; - possible use of complex patterns; - the number of samples to be analyzed; - potential contaminants to be identified. During the pilot study, fewer sample sites will be explored than in the main field survey, respectively. However, it is important for the economy to ensure that as many sample sites as possible are selected and that the resulting information is collected, which can be used in future assessments arising from field research. In a test study, take samples from all evidence of contamination during the study, but analyze the selected samples Machine Translated by Google will be expedient. For example, the analysis of all oil-contaminated samples may not be necessary at all stages. However, when using visual assessment, it should be borne in mind that all contaminants can be detected in this way. It is advisable to use an experienced researcher in the contaminated area to prepare a pilot study, including the sampling strategy and the number of samples to be collected and analyzed, and to monitor the implementation of the study to test the hypothesis. 8.2 Sampling strategy 8.2.1 General The distinction can be made based on the results of the initial research and the assumptions made between the “contaminated” or “possibly uncontaminated” strategies. Pollution assessment is usually carried out taking into account the appropriate ways. For economic reasons, the location and depth of sampling should be chosen so that even in a pilot study, Contaminant assessments are usually performed in appropriate ways. For economic reasons, even in a pilot study, the location and depth of such sampling should be chosen so that the results can be used to assess risk in subsequent studies. National rules must be followed. The study of potential soil contaminants should be carried out, in particular, in connection with the study of other matrices in which the contaminant may be present: ÿ groundwater (see BST AZS 5667); ÿ surface waters (see BST AZS 5667); ÿ gas in the soil (see BST AZS 10381-7). 8.2.2 Sampling locations Two main approaches can be used in experimental research, sampling for assessment and systematic sampling (see 7.4). A common sampling strategy in experimental research is sampling for evaluation and is supported by systematic sampling with appropriate space over time. The location of sampling depends on the objectives of the study and, above all, on established assumptions. No specific recommendations can be made for the sampling location. It should be noted that the area of the sample location Machine Translated by Google Dependence on the overall size is not allowed in many cases. The sampling location should be determined based on the pre-determined size and the desirability of locating the contaminated area. The possibility of finding such a contaminated area, as well as determining its size, is a political decision. For this, national rules must be taken into account. When there is evidence of source contamination (of different sexes), the sample is used for evaluation purposes. Systematic sampling is used either for homogeneously contaminated areas or possibly for non-contaminated areas. When there is evidence of point pollution, both strategies must be combined to obtain a common feature of the area. When there is strong evidence of serious contamination, a sample survey should be prepared to facilitate the preparation of a baseline study for the next field. It would be useful to plan a pilot study that is able to help optimize basic research in the field. 8.2.3 Depth of sampling Depth of sampling as types of sampling depends on the assumptions and scope of the study (see 7.4.5). National guidelines may specify specific depths of sampling in relation to specific objectives for the study and application of instruction values. 8.2.4 Selection of soil samples for analysis It is usually preferable to take more samples than will be analyzed. The number of representative samples and "suspicious" samples should always be analyzed. Thus, if samples taken from the same layer from different locations are similar, then only a representative number should be submitted for analysis. Sufficient samples should be analyzed to test the hypothesis. Limiting the spread of the contaminant is not the goal of experimental research. 8.2.5 Selection of parameters for testing and analysis Contaminants such as heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn), arsenic, mineral hydrocarbons, EOX and PAH will be useful to test the 'uncontaminated' field hypothesis. Regional examples and national recommendations should be considered. Note: A similar approach is generally appropriate for preliminary research for suspected areas where contaminants are not known. Machine Translated by Google When “contaminated area” is investigated, the study should be limited to the expected substances (according to assumptions based on the results of the initial study). However, in addition, such limited research should be combined with a more broadly defined study (both in pollutants and sampling) to obtain information on the overall quality of the site. In general, the selection of contaminants is directly related to the purpose of the study and the recommendations made. If the reference value for the parameter group is exceeded (for example, the reference value for removable organ halogens or phenol index or mineral carbohydrates) then the next useful information can be obtained by determining the concentrations in individual pollutants. However, the increasing value of the parameter group does not always indicate an increase in the concentration of pollutants. In addition, the analysis of specific pollutants may be part of the main field research instead of an additional phase of experimental research. 8.3 Interpretation of research for testing 8.3.1 Testing of hypotheses made during the initial research Experimental research provides the information needed to test hypotheses made during the initial study. The testing procedures are performed in the way necessary to make the following assumptions. - stage 1: Is the contamination present in the area? - stage 2: Do the detected contaminants correspond to the expected contamination? - stage 3: Does the location of the contaminant match the expected location? - stage 4: Is the spatial distribution consistent with the expected spatial distribution? This test procedure is commonly used to apply threshold values (usually specified in legislation or instructions issued by the competent authorities) to determine whether an area is contaminated or not contaminated at the time. If threshold prices are not available, local values will also be used in conjunction with threshold values where appropriate. 8.3.2 Risk assessment If the area is contaminated, a risk assessment may be necessary to determine the severity of the contaminant. If the quantity and quality of the information are appropriate for a careful assessment of the contaminant status, a risk assessment can be performed. The possibility of risk assessment depending on the objectives and available information Machine Translated by Google however, information that is not sufficient to allow a detailed risk assessment may be provided by a pilot study. 8.3.3 Do not look at assumptions by zone If, based on the results of the initial study, the area is divided into a number of zones with separate hypotheses, then each hypothesis should be tested separately. The results of research related to these different zones should be considered to determine the possibility of interactions. 8.3.4 Obtaining information on soil quality Soil quality information can be obtained from descriptions of the soil generated during the sampling process, and this information should be taken into account when assessing assumptions. 8.3.5 Check whether the research strategy is appropriate Regardless of whether the hypotheses are valid, an examination should be performed in all cases to determine whether the research strategy is appropriate due to the nature of the findings. 8.3.6 Checking hypotheses The assumption that a “non-polluted area” is likely to be rejected is when some of the analyzed items exceed the relevant threshold values or exceed local values. In this case, a new "possibly contaminated" area hypothesis should be developed. If none of the analyzed potential contaminants is found in any of the tested samples, then the area may be marked as uncontaminated at concentrations significantly above the threshold concentration or other values considered appropriate. However, it should be borne in mind that this is an appropriate assessment, the reliability of which depends on the preparation and intensity of the experimental study. Complete proof of the absence of contaminants is not possible. If complex samples are used in the study, the possible dilution effects should be considered when testing the hypotheses. If the contaminant is found to be higher than the appropriate threshold value, it must be concluded that the contaminant is present and appropriate assumptions must be made. Due to the limited purpose of experimental research The usefulness of testing the hypothesis that spatial contamination of a “contaminated” area may be limited is limited. However, assumptions should be accepted whenever possible and improved with increasing knowledge. Machine Translated by Google 8.3.7 Examples showing whether assumptions should be corrected or rejected The following examples show when an assumption should be corrected or rejected: a) If the location of the contaminant is known, samples from the identified contamination area are analyzed, but the concentration of the contaminant in excess of the threshold value is not visible, then it should be concluded that the expected sources are localized and non-existent. b) If the contamination is unknown and a “possibly contaminated” area with a different sex distribution is assumed and systematic sampling is applied to the full area to place the contamination in the experimental study, then a larger number of samples should be expected to be irregular. significant contamination will not be recorded. c) If contamination is observed in a large number of samples, this may indicate that the hotspots of the contamination are more prevalent than expected, or that the contamination is more homogeneous than expected. 8.3.8 Different steps if assumptions are not reliable The results of testing the hypotheses are valid for the hypothesis If not, then a number of possible steps can be taken. - Consideration should be given to whether the experimental research is accurate and satisfactory. If the required information has not been obtained or has been obtained with unreliable reliability, it may be necessary to adjust the work performed or to conduct further research. - Preliminary research should be conducted to determine whether the original hypothesis can be corrected or whether a new hypothesis can be developed. - If the newly amended hypothesis can be corrected as a result of a pilot study, a possible basic field study should be planned. - If the revised hypothesis can be sufficiently corrected if not, then further research should be performed. - Discussion between the original hypothesis and the results of the study should be included in the transparency report. Whether additional research is relevant as part of a pilot study will depend on the objectives of the study. If, for example, the “uncontaminated area” hypothesis is rejected, then the initial study is amended. Machine Translated by Google a decision must be made as to whether or not to conduct the next trial study. 8.4 Reporting on pilot research The report of the pilot study aims to document and present the information relevant to the decision. In general, the following should be included: - objectives of experimental research; - the background of the study, including the reference made in the initial investigation, the conceptual model of the field and the hypotheses developed as part of the conceptual model, including the degree of reliability; - planning and approval of information strategy; - research methodology; - a description of the work performed, including sampling techniques; - a record of field observations, combining any changes in the proposed methodology with any abnormalities in the field research; - confirmation of sample selection for analysis and documentation of all relevant details related to sample storage, transportation, pre-processing, as well as performance and analysis evaluation; - include a limit of information and errors about the change description of analytical results by doing; - evaluation of research results, appropriate scale selection and reference to the values used; - risk assessment and performance of comparable values; - relating to the validity of research findings and hypotheses comparison of results; - results on the pollution status of the site and recommendations for risk assessment; - recommendations for further research. Depending on the objectives of the study, other aspects may need to be added can. The formula used in this report should provide decision makers and research commissioners with an appropriate basis for appropriate review and decision. The facts must clearly differ from the explanations and assumptions. See BST AZS 10381-1 for the next general requirement. 8.5 Identify the need for key area research Machine Translated by Google If the objectives of the study require more detailed information on the amount and distribution of pollutants, their moving and non-moving particles, their possible distribution, as well as the possible absorption of pollutants by humans, animals and plants, then basic research will be important. This happens in the following cases: - The “contaminated” area hypothesis was considered valid and the suspicion of harm to human health and the environment is supported. - In order to decide on a sufficient degree of recognition, a higher level of pollution is generally required. - to enable risk assessment and identification of identified potential risk management options. 9 MAIN SURVEY OF THE AREA 9.1 General Prior to the main field survey, there should be preliminary research and experimental research. As a result, a basic study of the field was prepared, including the following when a significant amount of information is available: - indicator of existing pollutants; - indicator of the volume of the contaminated area (in three dimensions); - an indicator of the spread of pollution (homogeneous or different gender); - information on soil composition and soil science of the area; - information on hydrology and hydrogeology (local or recent regional) . All data collected should be evaluated for completeness and reliability prior to the commencement of basic field research. 9.2 Objectives and scope 9.2.1 Main objectives The main research in the field will have two main objectives: a) to determine the nature and extent of the contaminated area and the degree of contamination; b) appropriate to allow for risk assessment to provide information. Machine Translated by Google 9.2.2 Key aspects to be considered in defining the scope and objectives Five key aspects to consider when defining the scope and objectives of a study are: - pollution; current and future use; - - hydrological information (surface and groundwater regime); geological information and geotechnical features; - current and future pathways and receptors. - The main research in the field is aimed at obtaining detailed information on the nature, degree and extent of pollution and providing sufficient information to be able to describe the pollutant in three dimensions and perform risk assessments properly. 9.2.3 Other purposes Basic field research should be designed to cover the following objectives: assessment of threats and risks to people and the environment; - providing information to enable the following; - 1) assessment of financial and technical options for further preparation, 2) Selection and planning of rehabilitative measures. public health and safety and staff in the field - to provide safe work experience; - assessment of requirements for long-term and short-term control. The actual scope of the main field research will be highly specific to the field. Thus, it is not possible to set the exact requirements of basic field research here. Great care must be taken in the preparation of the study to clearly define the exact objectives and the distribution of the sample sites and the samples to be collected and analyzed. 9.3 Research design Meeting the objectives of the main area of the field requires the following is: - Determining the nature and degree of pollution in the area. This includes the entry of pollution into the site and the environment, as well as the movement of pollutants over a period of time. It should be noted that the spread will occur through groundwater and ground gas, for which sampling is specified in BST 5667 and BST AZS 10381-7. Machine Translated by Google - Exposure to people, animals, plants and the environment risk assessment. - identification of unnatural deposits and underground structures in the area (for example, physically unstable material, combustible material (coal deposits), deep foundations, storage tanks); - identification, characterization and evaluation of potential receptors and pathways; - providing sufficient information, including those for the purpose of assessing the need for rehabilitation measures; - to determine the need for short-term and long-term supervision and maintenance. - immediate identification and planning of health and environmental protection. Although the main survey of the site may be extensive, only a small fraction of the actual land volume will still be sampled and analyzed. The characteristics of the field contaminant are evaluated from the studied samples. The resulting uncertainties should be taken into account and minimized by preparing the study when necessary. On the other hand, this means that if the contamination status can be assessed with the same accuracy, there is no need for sampling or additional research. If the hypothesis is considered valid with the required iam degree, it should not be re- discussed. The study of soil gas (see BST AZS 10381-7) and groundwater (see BST AZS 5667) may support a basic site survey for soil contamination. However, it should be noted that the results of these studies do not allow a direct assessment of the presence or extent of soil contamination. It is advisable to use an experienced researcher in the contaminated area in the preparation of the main site survey and especially in relation to the sampling strategy and the number of samples to be taken and analyzed. National and local requirements must be met. 9.4 Sampling strategy 9.4.1 General As a result of the main field research, the conceptual model of the field pollution will be improved to the point where it is clear enough for the objectives of the study and the decision to be made. For this purpose, the number of non-sampling required in the basic research of the field is one of the goals and Machine Translated by Google will depend on the type of pollution present. If, for example, pollutants have gone out of the way of entry into the soil and the distribution pathways and processes are known, then the conceptual model needs to be improved fairly quickly. On the other hand, when the contaminant is characterized by irregularly contaminated soil material, more samples will need to be taken to obtain the level of accuracy of the conceptual model. 9.4.2 Sampling locations The sampling sample (horizontal and vertical) of the previous experimental study (Article 8) should also be considered, as well as the stages of the main field survey (see also 7.4). Increasing the rate of sampling density (area or profile) may be more effective than starting with a denser sample, given the earlier stages. Sampling should be strengthened where information and uncertainty are most needed. 9.4.3 Depth of sampling During the previous experimental study, the depth of sampling (see Article 8) and the progress of the main field research should also be considered (see also 7.4.5). 9.4.4 Selection of parameters for testing and analysis Experimental research should identify contaminants that are of particular interest, so that additional contaminants do not need to be investigated during general field research in general. In order to determine the amount and mobility of contaminants, it may be necessary to further analyze, for example: - typical contaminants (group parameters pre-analyzed is done); - sediment products and chemical reactions; - main forms of pollutants. Selected only to determine the spread of contaminants it may be sufficient to specify the contaminants (possibly group parameters). If there is sufficient contact between the pollutants, then the concentration of one of them can be calculated from the concentration of the other with a sufficient degree of confidence. If the measured single value is less important than the experimental study during the main field study, then the less accurate and thus cheaper or faster determination can be made. Machine Translated by Google method can be used. The results of this method should be checked periodically using more accurate analysis. 9.5 Evaluation of basic field research The evaluation of the results of the main field survey is not much different from that described in 8.4 for the experimental study (see BST AZS 10381-1). The conceptual model of the increasing pollutant in detail is the basis for assessing the overall pollution situation based on progressive knowledge. Accurate contaminant data can never be achieved in practice, even by more intensive sampling. Estimation of the degree of soil contamination involves interpolation between sampling sites. The degree of confidence in this assessment will depend on the sampling density, in particular the type and distribution of the contaminant and the degree taken into account during interpolation. Land of risks Spatial and temporary distribution of pollutants must be sufficiently known to assess pollution. It often combines compromise between desirable reliability and real research programs. The resulting uncertainties should be documented and quantified as much as possible. For example, improving contaminant assumptions using digital model calculations can minimize uncertainty when sufficient data has been collected. It should be borne in mind that no interpolation can be performed to disperse contaminants without clear rules. Based on the observed changes in concentration and the frequency of propagation of the measured values in these cases, the possible propagation can be estimated and the area of similar possibilities of occurrence of certain classes can be distinguished. Presenting such results, for example, can be deceptive in isoconcentration points. The use of statistical or geo-statistical methods in assessing the status of pollutants is limited. In many cases, insufficient data are available and one of the most important requirements of the statistical methods observed during heterogeneous soil composition is not reliable. 9.6 Reporting A baseline survey of the site will provide a basis for a final risk assessment. To the information mentioned in the report of the main research of the field Machine Translated by Google Based on this, a decision will be made on whether rehabilitation measures are necessary. In general, the report should include the following: - the purpose of the main research of the field; - submission of pollution estimates generated using the results of the initial survey and tested by experimental research, including a statement of the status of the site information and the validity of the hypotheses prior to the commencement of the main site survey; - planning and approving the strategy and preparing the research (with successive steps as needed); - a description of the methodologies used for the research; - the work performed and the sampling techniques used description; - documentation of the results of all field observations (including any differences and violations in the practical application of the proposed methodology); - approval of the selection of samples for the analysis and documentation of all relevant details related to the storage, transportation, pre-processing of the samples, as well as the evaluation of performance and analysis; - analytical results, including the range of changes and errors description; - ofselection evaluation of research, the results of appropriate scale and reference values used in risk assessment and performance of comparative values; - a description of the progressive development of the hypotheses during research and notifications related to the validity and confidence of the final hypothesis; - summary presentation of the pollution status of the site and risk assessment; - uncertainties and limitations of research; - recommendations for further action. Other aspects should be added depending on the local situation and national or regional regulations. The formula used in this report should equip decision makers and those who commissioned the study on an appropriate basis for appropriate review and decision. The facts must clearly differ from the explanations and assumptions. Separate facts and explanatory reports (two separate volumes) should be helpful, but not generally recommended. Evaluation and explanation of results lead to data loss Machine Translated by Google should be carried out with the involvement of the researcher who planned and carried out the research. See BST AZS 10381-1 for further recommendations on research reports. APPENDIX A (Information character) Purposes of soil sampling Table A.1 - Examples of purposes of soil sampling Machine Translated by Google BST The Variable Change Land Goals Medium concentration changing vertical in the time benefit from siyaa horizon in space space messiah Reference to section AZS 10381 1. Mapping All - + + - 1,2,3,4 2. Classification All + - + - 1,2,3,4, 8 3. Taxation All +\- + +\- Part 1,2,3,4,5 Milli +\- + + + 1,2,3,4 4. Monitoring + - +\- + 1,2,3,4 Agriculture Forestry +\- + + + 1,2,3,4 5. Improving soil function + - - +\- 1,2,3,4,5 Agriculture si 6. Maximum + - +\- + 1,2,3,4,5 did not download Agriculture 7. Assess the c risk City \ industry + + + + 5,7,8 example 8. Storage + + + - 5 9. Volume City \ industry + \ - + + +\- 5 10. Reusability of soil materials All + - - - 5,8 a - not important, + \ - not very important, + important; b - supply of nutrients / pesticide residues, organic matter and trace metals; c - sampling in the water table. Machine Translated by Google Azerbaijan Republic Standardization, Metrology and Patent on State Committee Of the Board dated ÿ________________ ÿ 2015 _________________ Approved by Decision No.